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Prostate Cancer Bone Colonization: Osteomimicry in the Bone Niche

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Bone and Cancer

Part of the book series: Topics in Bone Biology ((TBB,volume 5))

Abstract

Maintenance of a healthy skeleton requires a stable relationship between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. When cancer cells spread to bone, they interact with the bone cells to express bone-like proteins and participate with bone cells in inducing osteoclasts and osteoblasts, thereby bringing about a metabolic imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This imbalance may favor osteosclerotic/osteoblastic processes, as in prostate cancer (PCa) or osteosarcoma, or activate osteolytic processes, as in breast cancer and myeloma. The ability of cancer cells to undergo phenotypic changes that allow them to form bone is termed “osteomimicry” and permits cancer cells to home, adhere, and migrate to bone, to invade bone space, and then to utilize the rich bone microenvironment to proliferate and survive because of the abundance of growth factors (GFs) and extracellular matrix molecules (ECMs) found in the bone niche (see Chapter 1).

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Abbreviations

PCa:

prostate cancer

PSA:

prostate-specific antigen

OC:

osteocalcin

BSP:

bone sialoprotein

RANKL:

receptor activator of NFκB ligand

HS:

heparan sulfate

HSPG:

heparan sulfate proteoglycan

HPSE:

heparanase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

β2-M:

β2-microglobulin

PKA:

protein kinase A

EMT:

epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

NED:

neuroendocrine differentiation

GFs:

growth factors

ECMs:

extracellular matrices

CREB:

cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor β

BMPs:

bone morphogenetic proteins

PIN:

prostate intraepithelial neoplasia

FAK:

focal adhesion kinase

MMPs:

matrix metalloproteinases

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Leland W.K. Chung PhD

  2. Department of Urology Pathology and Hematology-Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Haiyen E. Zhau & John A. Petros (MD)

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Mary C. Farach-Carson PhD

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  1. Leland W.K. Chung PhD
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  2. Haiyen E. Zhau
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  4. Mary C. Farach-Carson PhD
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Chung, L.W., Zhau, H.E., Petros, J.A., Farach-Carson, M.C. (2010). Prostate Cancer Bone Colonization: Osteomimicry in the Bone Niche. In: Bone and Cancer. Topics in Bone Biology, vol 5. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-019-7_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-019-7_10

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