Abstract
The power of the unaided individual mind is highly overrated (Arias et al., 2001). In most traditional approaches, human cognition has been seen as existing solely “inside” a person’s head, and studies on cognition have often disregarded the physical and social surroundings in which cognition takes place.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Arias, E. G., Eden, H., Fischer, G., Gorman, A., & Scharff, E. (2001). Transcending the individual human mind: Creating shared understanding through collaborative design. In J. M. Carroll (Ed.), Human-computer interaction in the new millennium (pp. 347–372). New York: ACM Press.
Bennis, W., & Biederman, P. W. (1997). Organizing genius: The secrets of creative collaboration. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1991). Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Organization Science, 2(1), pp. 40–57.
CLever (2005). CLever: Cognitive Levers: Helping people help themselves. Available at http://13d.cs.colorado.edu/clever/.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
dePaula, R. (2004). The Construction of usefulness: How users and context create meaning with a social networking system, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder.
Engeström, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of Education and Work, 14(1), pp. 133–156.
Fischer, G. (2001). Communities of interest: Learning through the interaction of multiple knowledge systems. 24th Annual Information Systems Research Seminar In Scandinavia (IRIS’24), Ulvik, Norway, pp. 1–14.
Fischer, G. (2005). Distances and diversity: Sources for social creativity. Proceedings of Creativity & Cognition, London, April, pp. 128–136.
Fischer, G., Nakakoji, K., Ostwald, J., Stahl, G., & Sumner, T. (1998). Embedding critics in design environments. In M. T. Maybury & W. Wahlster (Eds.), Readings in intelligent user interfaces. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 537–559.
Fischer, G., Giaccardi, E., Ye, Y., Sutcliffe, A. G., & Mehandjiev, N. (2004). Meta-design: A manifesto for end-user development. Communications of the ACM, 47(9), pp. 33–37.
Fischer, G., Giaccardi, E., Eden, H., Sugimoto, M., & Ye, Y. (2005). Beyond binary choices: Integrating individual and social creativity. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (IJHCS) Special Issue on Computer Support for Creativity (E.A. Edmonds & L. Candy, Eds.), 63(4–5), pp. 482–512.
Grudin, J. (1987). Social evaluation of the user interface: Who does the work and who gets the benefit? In H. Bullinger & B. Shackel (Eds.). Proceedings of INTERACT–87, 2nd IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (Stuttgart, FRG), North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 805–811.
Hippel, E. v. (2005). Democratizing innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hollan, J., Hutchins, E., & Kirsch, D. (2001). Distributed cognition: Toward a new foundation for Human-computer interaction research. In J. M. Carroll (Ed.), Human-computer interaction in the new millennium (pp. 75–94). New York: ACM Press.
Janis, I. (1972). Victims of groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
John-Steiner, V. (2000). Creative collaboration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Moran, T. P., & Carroll, J. M. (Eds.). (1996). Design rationale: Concepts, techniques, and use. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
National Research Council. (2003). Beyond productivity: Information technology, innovation, and creativity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Orr, J. (1996). Talking about machines: An ethnography of a modern job. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press/Cornell University Press.
Pea, R. D. (2004). The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), pp. 423–451.
Salomon, G. (Ed.). (1993). Distributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.
Snow, C. P. (1993). The two cultures. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Ye, Y., & Fischer, G. (2005). Reuse-conducive development environments. International Journal Automated Software Engineering, 12(2), pp. 199–235.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fischer, G. (2009). Learning in Communities: A Distributed Intelligence Perspective. In: Carroll, J.M. (eds) Learning in Communities. Human-Computer Interaction Series. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-332-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-332-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-331-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-332-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)