Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
World Health Organisation (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: APA.
Aylward E, Burt D, and Thorpe L et al. (1997). Diagnosis of dementia in individuals with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 36: 337–347.
Thompson S (1999). Examining dementia in Down syndrome (DS): Decline in social abilities in DS compared with other learning disabilities. Clin Geronto 20: 23–44.
Burt DB and Aylward EH (1998). Test battery for the Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability. American Association of Mental Retardation.Washington, DC:
Harper D and Wadsworth J (1993). A primer on dementia in persons with mental retardation: Conclusions and current findings. In: Dosen RFA, Mental Health Aspects of Mental Retardation. Lexington Books.New York:
Geyde A (1995). Manual for the Dementia Scale for Down Syndrome. Geyde Research and Consulting.Vancouver, Canada:
Burt D and Aylward E (1999). Assessment methods for diagnosis of dementia. In: Dalton MJA, editor. Dementia, Aging and Intellectual Disabilities. Brunner/Mazel.New York:
Thompson S (2001). Assessing dementia in Down’s syndrome: A comparison of five tests. Clin Geronto 23: 3–19.
Evenhuis HM, Kengen MMF, and Eurlings HAL (1990). Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded Persons.Hooge Burch. Zwammerdam, the Netherlands:
Albert M and Cohen C (1992). The test for severe impairment: An instrument for the assessment of patients with severe cognitive dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 449–453.
Saxton J, McGonigle-Gibson K, and Swihart A et al. (1990). Assessment of the severely impaired patient: Description and validation of a new neuropsychological test battery psychological assessment. J Consult Clin Psychol 2: 298–303.
Strydom A and Hassiotis A (2003). Diagnostic instruments for dementia in older people with intellectual disability in clinical practice. Aging Ment Health 6: 431–437.
Roth M, Tym E, and Mountjoy CQ (1986). CAMDEX—A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 149: 698–709.
Wilson B, Cockburn J, and Baddeley A (1985). The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. Thames Valley Test Company. Flempton:
Wilson B, Ivani Chalian R, and Aldrich F (1991). The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test for Children Aged 5–10. Thames Valley. Suffolk:
Wechsler D (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales,3rd edn. The Psychological Corporation. San Antonio, TX:
Raven J, Court J, and Raven J (1995). Raven Manual: Section 2. Coloured Progressive Matrices 1995 Edition. Oxford Psychologists Press. Oxford:
Golding E (1989). The Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State. Thames Valley Test Company. Bury St. Edmunds:
HSS-Hampshire Social Services. (1989). Hampshire Social Services Assessment. Southampton: Hampshire Social Services.
Cosgrave MP, McCarron M, Anderson M et al. (1998). Cognitive decline in Down syndrome: a validity/reliability study of the test for severe impairment. Am J Ment Retard 103: 193–197.
Nelson L, Lott I, Touchette P, et al. (1995). Detection of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with Down syndrome. Am J Ment Retard 99: 616–622.
Prasher V, Krishnan V, Clarke D et al. (1994). The assessment of dementia in people with Down syndrome: Changes in adaptive behaviour. Br J Develop Disabil 90: 120–130.
Visser F and Kuilman M (1990). A study of dementia in Down’s syndrome of an institutionalised population. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 134: 1141–1145.
Evenhuis H (1992). Evaluation of a screening instrument for dementia in ageing mentally retarded persons. J Intellect Disabil Res 36: 337–347.
Zelinski E and Gilewski M (1998). Assessment of memory complaints by rating scales and questionnaires. Psychopharma Bull 24: 523–529.
Shultz J, Aman M, Kelbley T et al. (2004). Evaluation of screening tools for dementia in older adults with mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 2: 98–110.
Hon J, Huppert FA, Holland AJ et al. (1999). Neuropsychological assessment of older adults with Down syndrome: An epidemiological study using the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Br J Clin Psychol 38: 155–165.
Holland AJ, Hon J, Huppert FA et al. (2000). Incidence and course of dementia in people with Down’s syndrome: Findings from a population-based study. J Intellect Disabil Res 44: 138–146.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence-Social Care Institute for Excellence NICE-SCIE, Guideline to improve care of people with dementia, November 2006.
Seltzer G (1997). Modified Fuld Object Memory Evaluation. Waisman Centre, University of Wisconsin Madison. Madison, WI:
Kaplan E, Goodglass H, and Weubtraub S (1983). The Boston Naming Test. Lea & Febiger.Philadelphia, PA:
McCarthy D (1972). Manual for the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Ability. The Psychological Corporation. San Antonio, TX:
Haxby JV (1989). Neuropsychological evaluation of adults with Down syndrome: Patterns of selective impairment in adults non-demented old adults. J Ment Defic Res 33: 193–210.
Tiffin J and Asher E (1984). The Purdue Pegboard: Norms and studies and validity. J Appl Psychol 32: 234–247.
Nihira K, Foster R, Shellhaas M et al. (1974). Adaptive Behavior Scale. American Association on Mental Retardation. Washington, DC:
Prasher V (1998). Adaptive behavior. In: Janicki MP and Dalton AJ, editors. Dementia, Aging, and Intellectual Disabilities. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, PA:157–178.
Zigman W, Schupf N, Lubin R et al. (1987). Premature regression of adults with Down syndrome. Am J Ment Defic 92: 161–168.
Devenny D, Silverman W, Hill A, et al. (1996). Normal ageing in adults with Down syndrome: A longitudinal study. J Intellect Disabil Res 40: 208–221.
Visser FE, Aldenkamp AP, Huffelen, et al. AC (1997). Prospective study of the prevalence of Alzheimer type dementia in institutionalised individuals with Down syndrome. Am J Ment Retard 101: 400–412.
Dalton A and Fedor B (1997). The multi-dimensional observation scale for elderly subjects applied for persons with Down syndrome. In: Proceedings of the International Congress III on the Dually Diagnosed, National Association for the Dually Diagnosed, Washington, DC, pp.173–178.
Evenhuis HM (1992). Provisional Manual of the Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded Persons (DMR). Hooge Burch. Zwammerdam, the Netherlands:
Evenhuis HM, Eurlings HAL, and Kengen MMF (1984). Diagnostiek van dementia bijbejaarde zwakzinnigen (diagnosis of dementia in mentally retarded persons). Ruit 40: 14–24.
Evenhuis H (1996). Further evaluation of the Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation (DMR). J Intellect Disabil Res 40: 369–373.
Evenhuis HM (1990). The natural history of dementia in Down’s syndrome. Arch Neurol 47: 263–267.
Thompson SBN (1994). A neuropsychological test battery for identifying dementia in people with Down syndrome. Br J Devel Disabil XL; 2: 135–142.
Prasher V (1997). Dementia questionnaire for persons with mental retardation (DMR): Modified criteria for adults with Down syndrome. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 10: 54–60.
Deb S and Braganza J (1999). Comparison of rating scales for the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 43: 400–407.
Aylward E and Burt D (1998). Test battery for the diagnosis of dementia in individuals with intellectual disability. Report of the Working Group for the Establishment of Criteria for the Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability. American Association on Mental Retardation.Washington, DC:
Deb S, Braganza J, Norton N et al. (1998). No significant association between a PS-1 intronic polymorphism and dementia in Down syndrome. Alzheimer’s Report 1: 365–368.
Hoekman Jand Maaskant MA (2002). Comparison of instruments for the diagnosis of dementia in individuals with intellectual disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil 27: 296–309.
Jorm AF (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Development and cross-validation. Psychol Med 24: 145–145.
Schultz JM, Aman MG, and Rojahn J (1998). Psychometric evaluation of a measure of cognitive decline in elderly people with mental retardation. Res Develop Disabil 19: 63–71.
Cosgrave MP, Tyrell J, McCarron M et al. (2000). A five year follow-up study of dementia in persons with Down syndrome: Early symptoms and pattern of deterioration. Ir J Psychol Med 17: 5–11.
Oliver C (1999). Perspectives on assessment and evaluation. In: Dalton MJA, editor. Dementia, Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities.Brunner/Maze.New York:
Folstein M, Folstein S, and McHugh P (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12: 189–198.
Sturmey P, Reed J, and Corbett J (1991). Psychometric assessment of psychiatric disorders in people with learning difficulties (mental handicap): A review of measures. Psychol Med 21: 143–155.
Aylward E, Burt D, Thorpe L et al. (1995). Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability. American Association of Mental Retardation. Washington, DC:
Tyrell J, Cosgrave M, McLaughlin M et al. (1996). Dementia in an Irish population of Down syndrome people. Ir J Psychol Med 13: 51–54.
Pippi M, Mecocci P, Saxton J et al. (1999). Neuropsychological assessment of the severely impaired elderly patient: Validation of the Italian short version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB). Gruppo di Studio sull’Invecchiamento Cerebrale della Societa Italiana di Gerontologia e Geriatria. Aging (Milano) 11: 221–226.
Llinas RJ, Lozano GM, Lopez OL et al. (1995). Validation of the Spanish version of the Severe Impairment Battery. Neurologia 10: 14–18 (in Spanish).
Panisset M, Roudier M, Saxton J et al. (1992) A battery of neuropsychological tests for severe dementia. An evaluation study. Presse Med 21: 1271–1274 (in French.)
McKenzie K, Harte C, Sinclair E . et al. (2002) An examination of the Severe Impairment Battery as a measure of cognitive decline in clients with Down’s syndrome. J Learn Disabil 6: 89–96.
Prasher VP, Huxley A, and Haque MS (2002). Down syndrome ageing study group A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease—Pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 17: 270–278.
Witts P and Elders S (1998). The Severe Impairment Battery: Assessing cognitive ability in adults with Down syndrome. Br J Clin Psychol 37: 13–16.
Roth M, Huppert FA, Mountjoy CQ et al. (1998). CAMDEX-R The Cambridge Examination. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge:
Holland AJ, Hon J, Huppert FA et al. (1998). Population-based study of the prevalence and presentation of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 172: 493–498.
Ball SL, Holland AJ, Huppert FA et al. (2004). The modified CAMDEX informant interview is a valid and reliable tool for use in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 48: 611–620.
Blessed G, Black SE, Butler T et al. (1991). The diagnosis of dementia in the elderly: A comparison of CAMCOG (the cognitive section of CAMDEX), the AGECAT Program, DSM-III, the Mini-Mental State Examination and some short rating scales. Br J Psychiatry 159: 193–198.
Hartman JA (2000). Investigation of the use of the CAMCOG in the visually impaired. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15: 863–869.
Dalton A and Fedor B (1998). Onset of dyspraxia in aging persons with Down syndrome: Longitudinal studies. J Intellect Dev Disabil Res 23: 13–24.
Lohr J and Wisniewski A (1987). Movement Disorders: A Neuropsychiatric Approach. Guilford Press. New York:
Perry R and Hodges R (1999). Attention and executive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease: A critical review. Brain 122: 383–404.
Dalton AJ, Sano MC, and Aisen PS (2001). Brief Praxis test: A primary outcome measure for treatment trial of Alzheimer disease in persons with Down syndrome. Multi-centre Vitamin E trial: Project proposal. New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities. New York:
Prasher VP, Farooq A, and Holder R (2004). The Adaptive Behaviour Dementia Questionnaire (ABDQ): Screening Questionnaire for dementia of Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome. Res Develop Disabil 25: 385–397.
Kay DW, Tyrer SP, Margallo-Lana et al. (2003). The Prudhoe Cognitive Function scale to assess cognitive function in adults with Down’s syndrome: Inter-rater and test–retest reliability. J Intellect Disabil Res 47: 488–492.
Margallo-Lana ML, Moore P, Tyrer S et al. (2003). The Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test: A scale to assess function in adults with Down’s syndrome. Inter-rater and test–retest reappraisal. J Intellect Dev Disabil Res 47: 488–492.
Reid BE, Wigham A, Cicchetti DV et al. (2005). A comparison of two forms of the Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test with the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) In: Corretger JM, Serés A, Casaldà liga J, and Trias K, editors. SÃndrome de Down. Aspectos médicos actuales. Masson, Barcelona: 384–385.
Kaufman ASand Kaufman NL (1990). Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test Manual. (K-BIT)American Guidance Service. Circle Pines, MN:
Margallo-Lana, M, Moore PB, Kay DWK et al. (2007). 15-year follow up of 92 hospitalised adults with Down’s Syndrome: Relationship of cognitive decline to neurofibrillary tangle count. J Intellect Disabil Res 51: 463–477.
Baddeley A, Baddeley H, Buchks R et al. (2001). Attentional control in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 124: 1479–1481.
Nebes R and Brady C (1989). Focused and divided attention in Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex 25: 305–315.
Sohlberg M and Mateer C (1989). Introduction to Cognitive Rehabilitation. Guilford Press.New York:
Grady CL, Haxby JV, Horwitz B et al. (1988). Longitudinal study of the early neuropsychological and cerebral metabolic changes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 10: 576–596.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Margallo-Lana, M., Tyrer, S., Moore, P. (2009). Overview of the neuropsychological assessment of dementia in intellectual disability. In: Prasher, V. (eds) Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-248-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-249-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)