Absolute indications include renal tumor in a solitary functioning kidney or when non-nephron sparing surgery will induce renal failure. Relative indications include renal tumor less than 4 cm (T1a) or other renal abnormality such as renal cyst, abnormal duplex kidney or calyceal diverticulum. Recent reports suggest an equivalent survival outcome in patients with localized T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated by open partial nephrectomy as in those treated by radical nephrectomies [2, 7, 13, 15]. Similar oncologic outcomes are likely to be achieved by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The surgical principles of vascular control, clean resection margin, and minimal tumor handling are the same as in open surgery [3]. Due to technical difficulties with cooling and suturing of the renal substance, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy should be considered only when the operator has gained considerable laparoscopic experience.
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Lau, H.M.H., Papadopoulos, B. (2009). Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy. In: Ramalingam, M., Patel, V.R. (eds) Operative Atlas of Laparoscopic Reconstructive Urology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-151-0_11
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