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Assessment of Critically Ill Patients with Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Using Echocardiography Doppler

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Acute Heart Failure

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Abstract

Acute heart failure (AHF) is defined by the presence of symptoms of heart failure (at rest or during exercise) in conjunction with objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction (1). It may correspond to either a new-onset heart failure or a decompensation of chronic heart failure. Symptoms of AHF may predominantly reflect the decrease in cardiac output and associated peripheral hypoperfusion (e.g., fatigue, cardiogenic shock), the pulmonary congestion (e.g., breathlessness, pulmonary edema), or the peripheral congestion (e.g., hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, raised venous pressure) (Fig. 39.1). With the exception of mitral stenosis, pulmonary congestion usually develops secondary to a diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) with elevated filling pressure, whereas peripheral hypoperfusion predominantly reflects LV systolic dysfunction. Other clinical presentations of AHF include hypertensive AHF, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, high output failure, and right heart failure (1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges, France

    Philippe Vignon MD, PhD

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  1. Philippe Vignon MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

    Alexandre Mebazaa MD, PhD (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

  2. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mihai Gheorghiade MD, FACC (Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology and Chief, Cardiology Clinical Service) (Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology and Chief, Cardiology Clinical Service)

  3. Department of Cardiology Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC), INSERM U-684, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France

    Faiez M. Zannad MD, PhD, FESC (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

  4. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, USA

    Joseph E. Parrillo MD (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director) (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director)

  5. Cooper Heart Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA

    Joseph E. Parrillo MD (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director) (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director)

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Vignon, P. (2008). Assessment of Critically Ill Patients with Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Using Echocardiography Doppler. In: Mebazaa, A., Gheorghiade, M., Zannad, F.M., Parrillo, J.E. (eds) Acute Heart Failure. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-782-4_39

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-782-4_39

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-781-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-782-4

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