Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute Heart Failure and Myocarditis

  • Chapter
Acute Heart Failure

  • 2450 Accesses

Abstract

Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of heart muscle (1). The study of myocarditis has been made difficult by a number of factors. The clinical picture of myocarditis varies widely, from asymptomatic patients who suffer no long-term sequelae, to critically ill patients with heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Because of the variable clinical picture, a true incidence is difficult to determine. In addition, there are no standardized specific criteria for making the diagnosis of myocarditis or in determining an etiology in individual patients (2). Many different etiologic agents have been implicated in this disease. Also, there has been controversy regarding the most appropriate medical therapy for this condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Feldman A, McNamara D. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1388–1398.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Winkel E, Costanzo M, Parrillo JE. Myocarditis. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2000;2:407–419.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Haas G. Etiology, evaluation, and management of acute myocarditis. Cardiol Rev 2001;9:88–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kavinsky CJ, Parrillo JE. Rheumatic fever and cardiovascular diseases. Samter’s Immunol Dis 1995;5:823–840.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dec GW. Introduction to clinical myocarditis. In: Cooper LT, ed. Myocarditis: From Bench to Bedside. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2003:257–281.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pulerwitz TC, Cappola TP, Felker GM, et al. Mortality in primary and secondary myocarditis. Am Heart J 2004;147:746–750.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu P, Mason J. Advances in the understanding of myocarditis. Circulation 2001;104:1076–1082.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Magnani JW, Dec GW. Myocarditis. Current trends in diagnosis and treatment. Circulation 2006;113:876–890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bowles NE, Ni JN, Kearney DL, et al. Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction: evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:466–472.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. McCarthy R, Boehmer J, Hruban F, et al. Long term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2000;342:690–695.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lauer B, Niederau C, Kuhl U, et al. Cardiac troponin T in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:1354–1359.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Felker GM, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, et al. Echocardiographic findings in fulminant and acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:227–232.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sarda L, Colin P, Boccara F, et al. Myocarditis in patients with clinical presentation of myocardial infarction and normal coronary angiograms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:786–792.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu PP, Yan AT. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis: prospects for detecting myocardial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1823–1825.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Abdel-Aty H, Boye P, Zagrosek A, et al. Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1815–1822.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis. Circulation 2004;109:1250–1258.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Angelini A, Crosato M, Boffa GM, et al. Active versus borderline myocarditis: clinicopathological correlates and prognostic implications. Heart 2002;87:210–215.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Parrillo JE. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (myocarditis): which patients should be treated with anti-inflammatory therapy? Circulation 2001;104:4–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Baughman K. Diagnosis of myocarditis. Death of Dallas criteria. Circulation 2006;113:593–595.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. McKenna W. Davies M. Immunosuppression for myocarditis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:312–313.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Klingel K. Molecular biologic detection of virus infection in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. In: Cooper LT, ed. Myocarditis: From Bench to Bedside. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2003:295–324.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Parrillo JE. Myocarditis: how should we treat in 1998? J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:941–944.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. D’Ambrosio A, Patti G, Manzoli A, et al. The fate of acute myocarditis between spontaneous improvement and evolution to dilated cardiomyopathy: a review. Heart 2001;85:499–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Magnani JW, Danik HJS, Dec GW, DiSalvo TG. Survival in biopsy-proven myocarditis: a long-term retrospective analysis of the histopathologic, clinical and hemodynamic predictors. Am Heart J 2006;151:463–470.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fuse K, Kodama M, Okura Y, et al. Predictors of disease course in patients with acute myocarditis. Circulation 2000;102:2829–2835.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cooper L, Berry G, Shabetai R. Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis-natural history and treatment. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1860–1866.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ginsberg F, Parrillo J. Eosinophilic myocarditis. In: Dec GW, ed. Heart Failure Clinics. Myocarditis. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2005;1(3):419–429.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Murphy J, Wright S, Bruce K. Eosinophiliclymphocytic myocarditis after smallpox vaccination. Lancet 2003;362:1378–1380.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Galiuto L, Enriquez-Sarano M, Reeder G, et al. Eosinophilic myocarditis manifesting as myocardial infarction: early diagnosis and successful treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 1997;72(7):603–610.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wu L, Lapeyre A, Cooper L. Current role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76(10):1030–1038.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Takkenberg J, Czer L, Fishbein M. Eosinophilic myocarditis in patients awaiting heart transplantation. Crit Care Med 2004;32:714–721.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Johnson M. Eosinophilic myocarditis in the explanted hearts of cardiac transplant recipients: interesting pathologic finding or pathophysiologic entity of clinical significance? Crit Care Med 2004;32(3):888–890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kuhl U, Pauschinger M, Noutsias M, et al. High prevalence of viral genomes and multiple viral infections in the myocardium of adults with “idiopathic” left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 2005;111:887–893.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kuhl U, Pauschinger M, Seeberg B, et al. Viral persistence in the myocardium is associated with progressive cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 2005;112:1965–1970.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Mason J. myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: an inflammatory link. Cardiovasc Res 2003;60:5–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Limas C. Cardiac auto-antibodies in dilated cardiomyopathy: a pathogenetic role? Circulation 1997;95:1979–1980.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Pfeffer M, Braunwald E, Moye L, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669–677.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. The SOLVD investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293–302.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Garg R, Yusuf S. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. JAMA 1995;273:1450–1456.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Packer M. Current role of beta-adrenergic blockers in the management of chronic heart failure. Am J Med 2001;110(7A);81S–84S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. CIBIS II Investigators. The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study ii: a randomized trial. Lancet 1999;353:9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. The MERIT-HF Study Group. Effects of controlled release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations and well-being in patients with heart failure. JAMA 2000;283:1295–1302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Bristow M, Gilbert E, Abraham W, et al. Carvedilol produces dose related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1996;94:2807–2816.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Packer M, Coats A, Fowler M, et al. Effects of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651–1658.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. The Digitals Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:525–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme W, et al. The effects of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709–717.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Steimle A, Stevenson L, Chelimsky-Fallick C, et al. Sustained hemodynamic efficacy of therapy tailored to reduce the filling pressures in survivors with advanced heart failure. Circulation 1997;96:1165–1172.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Stevenson L. Tailored therapy for hemodynamic goals for advanced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 1999;1:251–527.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Stevenson L, Tillisch J. Maintenance of cardiac output with normal filling pressures in patients with dilated heart failure. Circulation 1986;74:1303–1308.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Jain P, Massie B, Gattis W, et al. Current medical treatment for the exacerbation of chronic heart failure resulting in hospitalization. Am Heart J 2003;145:S3–S17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jaski B, Fifer M, Wright R, et al. Positive inotropic and vasodilator actions of milrinone in patients with severe congestive heart failure. J Clin Invest 1985;75:643–649.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Cuffe M, Califf R, Adams K, et al. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:1541–1547.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Goldstein G, Oz M, Rose E. Medical progress: implantable left ventricular assist devices. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1522–1533.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Nemeh H, Smedira N. Mechanical treatment of heart failure: the growing role of LVADs and ARTIFICIAL HEARTS. Cleve Clin J Med 2003;70:223–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Farrar D, Holman W, McBride L, et al. Long-term follow-up of thoratec ventricular assist device bridge-to-recovery patients successfully removed from support after recovery of ventricular function. J Heart Lung Transplant 2002;21:516–521.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Simon MA, Kormos RL, Murali S, et al. Myocardial recovery using ventricular assist devices. prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Circulation 2005;112(suppl I):I32–I36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Parrillo JE, Cunnion R, Epstein S, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trail of prednisone for dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1061–1068.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Mason J, O’Connell J, Herskowitz A, et al. A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. N Engl J Med 1995;333:269–275.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Wojnicz R, Nowalany-Kozielska E, Wojciechowska C, et al. Randomized placebo controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Two year follow-up results. Circulation 2001;104:39–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Frustaci A, Chimenti C, Calabrese F, et al. Immunosuppressive therapy for active lymphocytic myocarditis. Virological and immunologic profile of responders versus non-responders. Circulation 2003;107:857–863.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Gullestad L, Aass H, Fjeld J, et al. Immunomodulating therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2001;103:220–225.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. McNamara D, Rosenblum W, Janosko K, et al. Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of myocarditis and acute cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1997;95:2476–2478.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Patel P, Lenihan D. The current status of immune modulating therapy for myocarditis: a case of acute parvovirus myocarditis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Am J Med Sci 2003;326(6):369–374.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. McNamara D, Holubkov R, Starling R, et al. Controlled trail of intravenous immune globulin in recent onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2001;103:2254–2259.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA

    Fredric Ginsberg MD

  2. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, USA

    Joseph E. Parrillo MD (Chief, Department of Medicine, Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director)

  3. Cooper Heart Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA

    Joseph E. Parrillo MD (Chief, Department of Medicine, Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director)

Authors
  1. Fredric Ginsberg MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joseph E. Parrillo MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Lariboisière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

    Alexandre Mebazaa MD, PhD (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

  2. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mihai Gheorghiade MD, FACC (Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology and Chief, Cardiology Clinical Service) (Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology and Chief, Cardiology Clinical Service)

  3. Department of Cardiology Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC), INSERM U-684, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, University Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France

    Faiez M. Zannad MD, PhD, FESC (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

  4. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, USA

    Joseph E. Parrillo MD (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director) (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director)

  5. Cooper Heart Institute, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA

    Joseph E. Parrillo MD (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director) (Professor of Medicine, Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine and Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ginsberg, F., Parrillo, J.E. (2008). Acute Heart Failure and Myocarditis. In: Mebazaa, A., Gheorghiade, M., Zannad, F.M., Parrillo, J.E. (eds) Acute Heart Failure. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-782-4_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-782-4_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-781-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-782-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation