Skip to main content

Advanced Disease: Nonpulmonary Metastases

  • Chapter
  • 1011 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Althausen P, Althausen A, Jennings LC, et al. Prognostic factors and surgical treatment of osseous metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80: 1103–1109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alves A, Adam R, Majno P, et al. Hepatic resection for metastatic renal tumors: is it worthwhile? Annals of Surgical Oncology 2003; 10: 705–710.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andoh H, Kurokawa T, Yasui O, et al. Resection of a solitary pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma with a gallbladder carcinoma: report of a case. Surgery Today 2004; 34: 272–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antonia SJ, Seigne J, Diaz J, et al. Phase I trial of a B7-1 (CD80) gene modified autologous tumor cell vaccine in combination with systemic interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2002; 167: 1995–2000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkins MB, Regan M, McDermott D. Update on the role of interleukin 2 and other cytokines in the treatment of patients with stage IV renal carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10: 6342S–6346S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avigan D. Dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccines for renal cell carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10: 6347S–6352S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barth PJ, Gerharz EW, Ramaswamy A, et al. The influence of lymph node counts on the detection of pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer. Pathology, Research & Practice 1999; 195: 633–636.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Eliyahu S, Page GG, Yirmiya R, et al. Evidence that stress and surgical interventions promote tumor development by suppressing natural killer cell activity. International Journal of Cancer 1999; 80: 880–888.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Eliyahu S. The promotion of tumor metastasis by surgery and stress: immunological basis and implications for psychoneuroimmunology. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2003; 17: S27–S36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett RT, Lerner SE, Taub HC, et al. Cytoreductive surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma.[see comment]. Journal of Urology 1995; 154: 32–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bex A, Horenblas S, Meinhardt W, et al. The role of initial immunotherapy as selection for nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and the primary tumor in situ. European Urology 2002; 42: 570–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bui MH, Seligson D, Han KR, et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX is an independent predictor of survival in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma: implications for prognosis and therapy. Clinical Cancer Research 2003; 9: 802–811.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bui MH, Visapaa H, Seligson D, et al. Prognostic value of carbonic anhydrase IX and KI67 as predictors of survival for renal clear cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2004; 171:2461–2466.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Casamassima A, Picciariello M, Quaranta M, et al. C-reactive protein: a biomarker of survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with subcutaneous interleukin-2 based immunotherapy. Journal of Urology 2005; 173: 52–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang AE, Li Q, Jiang G, et al. Phase II trial of autologous tumor vaccination, anti-CD3-activated vaccine-primed lymphocytes, and interleukin-2 in stage IV renal cell cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001; 21: 884–890.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, et al. Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States [see comment]. JAMA 1999; 281: 1628–1631.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooney MM, Remick SC, Vogelzang NJ. A medical oncologist’s approach to immunotherapy for advanced renal tumors: is nephrectomy indicated? [see comment]. Current Urology Reports 2004; 5: 19–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm P, Vieweg J. Evolving immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of prostate and renal carcinomas. AUA Update Series 2004; 23: 25–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • deKernion JB, Ramming KP, Smith RB. The natural history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a computer analysis. Journal of Urology 1978; 120: 148–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de los Monteros-Sanchez AE, Medina-Franco H, Arista-Nasr J, et al. Resection of an esophageal metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma. Hepato-Gastroenterology 2004; 51: 163–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dernevik L, Berggren H, Larsson S, Roberts D. Surgical removal of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1985; 19(2):133–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eggermont AM, Steller EP, Sugarbaker PH. Laparotomy enhances intraperitoneal tumor growth and abrogates the antitumor effects of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Surgery 1987; 102: 71–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallick ML, McDermott DF, LaRock D, et al. Nephrectomy before interleukin-2 therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1997; 158: 1691–1695.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ficarra V, Righetti R, D’Amico A, et al. Renal vein and vena cava involvement does not affect prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Oncology 2001; 61: 10–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Figlin RA, Pierce WC, Kaboo R, et al. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with nephrectomy, interleukin-2 and cytokine-primed or CD8(+) selected tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from primary tumor. Journal of Urology 1997; 158:740–745.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Figlin RA, Thompson JA, Bukowski RM, et al. Multicenter, randomized, phase III trial of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in combination with recombinant interleukin-2 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999; 17:2521–2529.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finelli A, Kaouk JH, Fergany AF, et al. Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. BJU International 2004; 94: 29129–29124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanigan RC, Salmon SE, Blumenstein BA, et al. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer [see comment]. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 345: 1655–1659.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flanigan RC, Campbell SC, Clark JI, et al. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Current Treatment Options in Oncology 2003; 4:385–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flanigan RC, Mickisch G, Sylvester R, et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cancer: a combined analysis. Journal of Urology 2004; 171: 1071–1076.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischmann JD, Kim B. Interleukin-2 immunotherapy followed by resection of residual renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1991; 145: 938–941.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankenberger B, Pohla H, Noessner E, et al. Influence of CD80, interleukin-2, and interleukin-7 expression in human renal cell carcinoma on the expansion, function, and survival of tumor-specific CTLs. Clinical Cancer Research 2005; 11: 1733–1742.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin JR, Figlin R, Rauch J, et al. Cytoreductive surgery in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the UCLA experience. Seminars in Urologic Oncology 1996; 14: 230–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujikawa K, Matsui Y, Miura K, et al. Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein and natural killer cell activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. Journal of Urology 2000; 164: 673–675.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe G, Fisher RI, Rosenberg SA, et al. Results of treatment of 255 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1995; 13: 688–696.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatenby RA, Gawlinski ET, Tangen CM, et al. The possible role of postoperative azotemia in enhanced survival of patients with metastatic renal cancer after cytoreductive nephrectomy. Cancer Research 2002; 62: 5218–5222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetzl MA, Goluboff ET, Murphy AM, et al. A contemporary evaluation of cytoreductive nephrectomy with tumor thrombus: morbidity and long-term survival. Urologic Oncology 2004; 22: 182–197.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb DA, Novick AC, Lorig R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of vena caval tumor thrombi: a comparative study with venacavography and computerized tomography scanning. Journal of Urology 1990; 144: 1100–1104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafez KS, Montie JE. Indications and limitations of cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AUA Update Series 2004; 23: 250–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatcher PA, Anderson EE, Paulson DF, et al. Surgical management and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma invading the vena cava. Journal of Urology 1991; 145: 20–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrlinger A, Schrott KM, Schott G, et al. What are the benefits of extended dissection of the regional renal lymph nodes in the therapy of renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1991; 146: 1224–1227.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinman F Jr. Kidney: excision. In: Hinman F Jr, Ed. Atlas of Urologic Surgery, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hock LM, Lynch J, Balaji KC. Increasing incidence of all stages of kidney cancer in the last 2 decades in the United States: an analysis of surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data. Journal of Urology 2002; 167: 57–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jayson M, Sanders H. Increased incidence of serendipitously discovered renal cell carcinoma. Urology 1998; 51: 203–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics. Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2005; 55: 10–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jett JR, Hollinger CG, Zinsmeister AR, Pairolero PC. Pulmonary resection of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Chest 1983; 84(4):442–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavolius JP, Mastorakos DP, Pavlovich C, et al. Resection of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1998; 16: 2261–2266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kierney PC, van Heerden JA, Segura JW, Weaver AL. Surgeon’s role in the management of solitary renal cell carcinoma metastases occurring subsequent to initial curative nephrectomy: an institutional review. Annals Surgery of Oncology 1994; 1(4):345–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim B, Louie AC. Surgical resection following interleukin 2 therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma prolongs remission. Archives of Surgery 1992; 127: 1343–1349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klugo RC, Detmers M, Stiles RE, Talley RW, Cerny JC. Aggressive versus conservative management of stage IV renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urolology 1977; 118(2):244–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kollender Y, Bickels J, Price WM, et al. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma of bone: indications and technique of surgical intervention. Journal of Urology 2000; 164: 1505–1508.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthi V, Novick AC, Bukowski RM. Efficacy of multimodality therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Urology 1998; 51: 933–937.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lammer J, Justich E, Schreyer H, et al. Complications of renal tumor embolization. Cardiovascular & Interventional Radiology 1985; 8: 31–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanigan D, Jurriaans E, Hammonds JC, et al. The current status of embolization in renal cell carcinoma—-a survey of local and national practice. Clinical Radiology 1992; 46: 176–178.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau WK, Zincke H, Lohse CM, et al. Contralateral adrenal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: treatment, outcome and a review [see comment]. BJU International 2003; 91: 775–779.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leissner J, Hohenfellner R, Thuroff JW, et al. Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis. BJU International 2000; 85: 817–823.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy DA, Swanson DA, Slaton JW, Ellerhorst J, Dinney CP. Timely delivery of biological therapy after cytoreductive nephrectomy in carefully selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin E, Calvano SE, Lowry SF. Inflammatory cytokines and cell response in surgery. Surgery 2000; 127: 117–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ljungberg B, Landberg G, Alamdari FI. Factors of importance for prediction of survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, treated with or without nephrectomy. Scandinavian Journal of Urology & Nephrology 2000; 34: 246–251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall FF, Reitz BA. Technique for removal of renal cell carcinoma with suprahepatic vena caval tumor thrombus. Urologic Clinics of North America 1986; 13: 551–557.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall FF, Reitz BA, Diamond DA. A new technique for management of renal cell carcinoma involving the right atrium: hypothermia and cardiac arrest. Journal of Urology 1984; 131: 103–107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda H, Kurita Y, Suzuki A, et al. Prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of 320 cases. International Journal of Urology 1997; 4: 247–253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDermott DF, Regan MM, Clark JI, et al. Randomized phase III trial of high-dose interleukin-2 versus subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 23: 133–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNichols DW, Segura JW, DeWeerd JH. Renal cell carcinoma: long-term survival and late recurrence. Journal of Urolology 1981; 126(1):17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medical Research Council Renal Cell Collaborators. Interferon-alpha and survival in metastatic renal carcinoma: early results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 14–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mickisch GH, Garin A, van Poppel H, et al. Radical nephrectomy plus interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial [see comment]. Lancet 2001; 358: 966–970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Middleton RG. Surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1967; 97: 973–977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minasian LM, Motzer RJ, Gluck L, et al. Interferon alfa-2a in advanced renal cell carcinoma: treatment results and survival in 159 patients with long-term follow-up. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993; 11: 1368–1375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minervini A, Lilas L, Morelli G, et al. Regional lymph node dissection in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: is it useful in patients with no suspected adenopathy before or during surgery? BJU International 2001; 88: 169–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montie JE, Stewart BH, Straffon RA, et al. The role of adjunctive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1977; 117: 272–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bacik J, et al. Survival and prognostic stratification of 670 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999; 17: 2530–2540.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motzer RJ, Russo P. Systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2000; 163: 408–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moudouni SM, Ennia I, Manunta A, et al. Factors influencing adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. International Urology & Nephrology 2003; 35: 141–147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naitoh J, Kaplan A, Dorey F, et al. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with concurrent inferior vena caval invasion: long-term survival after combination therapy with radical nephrectomy, vena caval thrombectomy and postoperative immunotherapy. Journal of Urology 1999; 162: 46–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neves RJ, Zincke H. Surgical treatment of renal cancer with vena cava extension. British Journal of Urology 1987; 59:390–395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novick AC. Surgery of the kidney. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, et al. Eds. Campbells Urology, 8th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novick AC, Kaye MC, Cosgrove DM, et al. Experience with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in the management of retroperitoneal tumors with large vena caval thrombi. Annals of Surgery 1990; 212: 472–477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novick AC, Campbell SC. Renal tumors. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, et al., Eds. Campbells Urology, 8th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Dea MJ, Zincke H, Utz DC, et al. The treatment of renal cell carcinoma with solitary metastasis. Journal of Urology 1978; 120: 540–542.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onufrey V, Mohiuddin M. Radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1985; 11: 2007–2009.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pantuck AJ, Belldegrun AS, Figlin RA. Nephrectomy and interleukin-2 for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma [see comment]. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 169: 1711–1712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Dorey F, et al. Renal cell carcinoma with retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Impact on survival and benefits of immunotherapy. Cancer 2003a; 97: 2995–3002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Dorey F et al. Renal cell carcinoma with retroperitoneal lymph nodes: role of lymph node dissection. Journal of Urology 2003b; 169: 2076–2083.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul R, Mordhorst J, Busch R, et al. Adrenal sparing surgery during radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell cancer: a new algorithm. Journal of Urology 2001; 166: 59–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pautler SE CP, Phillips JL, Pavlovich CP, Leach F, Linehan WM, Walther MM. Laparoscopic cytoreductive radical nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a feasibility study. Journal of Urology 2001; 165: 185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips E, Messing EM. Role of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Urology 1991; 41: 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piardi T, D’Adda F, Giampaoli F, et al. Solitary metachronous splenic metastases: an evaluation of surgical treatment. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 1999; 18:575–578.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rackley R, Novick A, Klein E, et al. The impact of adjuvant nephrectomy on multimodality treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1994; 152: 1399–1403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robson CJ, Churchill BM, Anderson W. The results of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1969; 101: 297–301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin M, Foulis AA, Poon FW, et al. Late focal pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Digestive Surgery 1998; 15: 72–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saitoh H, Nakayama M, Nakamura K, et al. Distant metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma in nephrectomized cases. Journal of Urology 1982; 127: 1092–1095.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schafhauser W, Ebert A, Brod J, et al. Lymph node involvement in renal cell carcinoma and survival chance by systematic lymphadenectomy. Anticancer Research 1999; 19:1573–1578.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schendel DJ, Frankenberger B, Jantzer P, et al. Expression of B7.1 (CD80) in a renal cell carcinoma line allows expansion of tumor-associated cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the presence of an alloresponse. Gene Therapy 2000; 7: 2007–2014.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sella A, Swanson DA, Ro JY, et al. Surgery following response to interferon-alpha-based therapy for residual renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1993; 149: 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan JP, Sun MH, Kondziolka D, et al. Radiosurgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the brain: long-term outcomes and prognostic factors influencing survival and local tumor control [see comment]. Journal of Neurosurgery 2003; 98: 342–349.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siemer S, Lehmann J, Kamradt J, et al. Adrenal metastases in 1635 patients with renal cell carcinoma: outcome and indication for adrenalectomy. Journal of Urology 2004; 171: 2155–2159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons JW, Jaffee EM, Weber CE, et al. Bioactivity of autologous irradiated renal cell carcinoma vaccines generated by ex vivo granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer. Cancer Research 1997; 57: 1537–1546.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner DG, Colvin RB, Vermillion CD, et al. Diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma. A clinical and pathologic study of 309 cases. Cancer 1971; 28: 1165–1177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner DG, Pritchett TR, Lieskovsky G, et al. Vena caval involvement by renal cell carcinoma. Surgical resection provides meaningful long-term survival. Annals of Surgery 1989; 210: 387–392.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slaton JW, Balbay MD, Levy DA, et al. Nephrectomy and vena caval thrombectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urology 1997; 50: 673–677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slaton JW, Perrotte P, Balbay MD, et al. Reassessment of the selection criteria for cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2000;163: 179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stief CG, Jahne J, Hagemann JH, et al. Surgery for metachronous solitary liver metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1997; 158: 375–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Studer UE, Scherz S, Scheidegger J, et al. Enlargement of regional lymph nodes in renal cell carcinoma is often not due to metastases. Journal of Urology 1990; 144: 243–245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson DA. Surgery for metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 2004; 93: 150–155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swierzewski DJ, Swierzewski MJ, Libertino JA. Radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma with venous, vena caval and atrial extension. American Journal of Surgery 1994; 168: 205–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terrone C, Guercio S, De Luca S, et al. The number of lymph nodes examined and staging accuracy in renal cell carcinoma. BJU International 2003; 91: 37–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolia BM, Whitmore WF Jr. Solitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1975; 114: 836–838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui K-H, Shvarts O, Barbaric Z, et al. Is adrenalectomy a necessary component of radical nephrectomy? UCLA experience with 511 radical nephrectomies. Journal of Urology 2000; 163:437–441.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Poel HG, Roukema JA, Horenblas S, et al. Metastasectomy in renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis. European Urology 1999; 35: 197–203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vasselli JR, Yang JC, Linehan WM, et al. Lack of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy predicts survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2001; 166: 68–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vis N, van der Gaast A, van Rhijn G, et al. A phase II trial of methotrexate-human serum albumin (MTX-HSA) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who progressed under immunotherapy. Cancer Chemotherapy & Pharmacology 2002; 49: 342–345.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner JR, Walther MM, Linehan WM, et al. Interleukin-2 based immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with the kidney in place. Journal of Urology 1999; 162: 43–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walther MM, Alexander RB, Weiss GH, et al. Cytoreductive surgery prior to interleukin-2-based therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urology 1993; 42: 250–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walther MM, Yang JC, Pass HI, et al. Cytoreductive surgery before high dose interleukin-2 based therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1997; 158:1675–1678.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walther MM, Lyne JC, Libutti SK, et al. Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy as preparation for administration of systemic interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Urology 1999; 53: 496–501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells IP, Hammonds JC, Franklin K. Embolisation of hypernephromas: a simple technique using ethanol. Clinical Radiology 1983; 34: 689–692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf JS Jr, Aronson FR, Small EJ, Carroll PR. Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a component of systemic treatment regimens. Journal of Surgical Oncology 1994; 55(1):7–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood CG, Huber N, Madsen L, et al. Clinical variables that predict survival following cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2001; 165: 184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wronski M, Arbit E, Russo P, et al. Surgical resection of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma in 50 patients. Urology 1996; 47: 187–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wronski M, Maor MH, Davis BJ, et al. External radiation of brain metastases from renal carcinoma: a retrospective study of 119 patients from the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics 1997; 37: 753–759.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yagoda A. Phase II cytotoxic chemotherapy trials in renal cell carcinoma: 1983–1988. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 1990; 350: 227–241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang JC, Sherry RM, Steinberg SM, et al. Randomized study of high-dose and low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic renal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003; 21:3127–3132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zagoria RJ, Dyer RB, Wolfman NT, et al. Radiology in the diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma. Critical Reviews in Diagnostic Imaging 1990; 31: 81–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou X, Jun do Y, Thomas AM, et al. Diverse CD8+ T-cell responses to renal cell carcinoma antigens in patients treated with an autologous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene-transduced renal tumor cell vaccine. Cancer Research 2005; 65: 1079–1088.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Chao DH, et al. Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: is cytoreductive nephrectomy for advanced disease associated with an increased complication rate? Journal of Urology 2002; 168: 962–967.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Voelzke, B.B., Flanigan, R.C. (2008). Advanced Disease: Nonpulmonary Metastases. In: Rosette, J.J.d., Sternberg, C.N., Poppel, H.P.v. (eds) Renal Cell Cancer. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-763-3_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-763-3_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-385-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-763-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics