Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Fetal and Neonatal Pathology pp 795–824Cite as

The Skin

  • Chapter

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   419.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akiyama M, Sawamura D, Shimizu H (2003) The clinical spectrum of nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and lamellar ichthyosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 28:235–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alain G, Carrier C, Beaumier L, Bernard J, Lemay M, Lavoie A (1993) In utero acute graft-versus-host disease in a neonate with severe combined immuno-deficiency. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:862–865.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anton-Lamprecht I (1983) Genetically induced abnormalities of epidermal differentiation and ultrastructure in ichthyoses and epidermolyses; pathogenesis, heterogenicity, fetal manifestations and prenatal diagnosis. J Invest Dermatol 81:1495– 1565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anton-Lamprecht I, Schnyder UW (1973) EB dystro-phica dominant, a defect in anchoring fibrils. Derma-tologica 147:289–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold ML, Rauskolb R, Anton-Lamprecht I, Schnizel A, Schmid W (1984) Prenatal diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Prenat Diagn 4:85–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arvin AM, Prober CG (1997) Herpes simplex virus type 2—a persistent problem. N Engl J Med 337:1158– 1159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton DJ, Rook A (1986) The newborn. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, Champion RH, Burton JL (eds) Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 229–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baden HP (1982) Keratinization in the harlequin fetus. Arch Dermatol 118: 14–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhill RL (1998) Childhood melanoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 15: 189–194.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassukas ID (1992) Is erythema toxicum neonatorum a mild self-limited acute cutaneous graft versus host reaction form maternal-to-foetal lymphocytes transfer? Med Hypothesis 38:334–338.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black CM, Gathercole LJ, Bailey AJ, Beighton P (1980) Ehlers. Danlos syndrome: an analysis of the structure of the collagen fibres of the skin. Br J Dermatol 102:85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdan I, Smolle J, Kerl H, Burg G, Boni R (2003) Melanoma ex naevo: a study of the associated naevus. Melanoma Res 13:213–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonifas JM, Rothman AL, Epstein EH Jr (1991) Epider-molysis bullosa simplex: evidence in two families for keratin gene abnormalities. Science 254:1202– 1205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bos JD, Kapsenberg ML (1993) The skin immune system: progress in cutaneous biology. Immunol Today 14:75–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bos JD, Sillevis-Smith JH, Krieg SR, Bakker PM, Vos GD, van Zaane DJ (1984) Acute disseminated histio-cytosis X. J Cutan Pathol 11:59–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breathnach AS (1971) The Herman Beerman lecture: embryology of human skin. J Invest Dermatol 57:133–143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breathnach AS, Robins J (1969) Ultrastructural features of epidermis of a 14 mm (6 weeks) human embryo. J Dermatol 81:504–516.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breathnach AS, Wylie LM (1965) Electron microscopy of melanocytes and Langerhans' cells in human fetal epidermis at 14 weeks (menstrual dates). J Invest Dermatol 44:51–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briggaman RA, Wheeler CE (1975) EB dystrophica recessive. A possible role of anchoring fibrils in the pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 65:203–211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brough AJ, Jones D, Page RH, Mizukami I (1967) Dermal erythropoiesis in neonates. A manifestation of intrauterine viral disease. Pediatrics 40:627–635.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruckner-Tuderman L, Mitsuhashi Y, Schnyder UW, Bruckner P (1989) Anchoring fibrils and Type VII collagen are absent from skin in severe recessive dys-trophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 93:3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgdorf WH, Mukai K, Rosai J, Burge SM, Wilkinson JD (1981) Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII-related antigen in endothelial cells of cutaneous lesions of alleged vascular nature. Am J Clin Pathol 75:167–171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burge SM, Wilkinson JD (1992) Darrier-White disease: a review of the clinical features in 163 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:40–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkhart CG, Gohara A (1981) Dermal melanocyte hamartoma. A distinctive new form of dermal mela-nocytosis. Arch Dermatol 117:102–104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calonje E, Mentzel T, Fletcher CD (1995) Pseudomalig-nant perineurial invasion in cellular (“infantile”) capillary haemangiomas. Histopathology 26:159–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canninga-van Dijk MR, Sanders CJ, Verdonck LF, Fijn-heer R, van den Tweel JG (2003) Differential diagnosis of skin lesions after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Histopathology 42:313– 330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carney RG (1976) Incontinentia pigmenti—a world statistical analysis. Arch Dermatol 112:535–542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer SF (1988) The melanocytic differentiation pathway in congenital melanocytic nevi: theoretical considerations. Pediatr Pathol 8:253–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cribier BJ, Santinelli F, Grosshans E (1999) Lack of clinical-pathological correlation in the diagnosis of congenital naevi. Br J Dermatol 141:1004–1009.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crowe FW, Schull WJ (1953) Diagnostic importance of café au lait spot in neurofibromatosis. Arch Intern Med 91:758–766.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale BA, Holbrook KA, Fleckman P, Kimball JR, Brumbaugh S, Sybert VP (1990) Heterogeneity in harlequin ichthyosis, an inborn error of epidermal keratinization: variable morphology and structural protein expression and a defect in lamellar granules. J Invest Dermatol 94:6–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Dobbeleer G, Heenen M, Song M, Achten G (1982) Collodion baby skin. Ultrastructural and autoradio-graphic study. J Cutan Pathol 9:196–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dompmartin A, Leroy D, Labbé D, Letessier JB, Mandard JC (1989) Dermal malignant melanoma developing from a nevus of Ota. Int J Dermatol 28:535–536.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorfman DH, Glaser JH (1990) Congenital syphilis presenting in infants after the newborn period. N Engl J Med 323:1299–1302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eady RAJ (1987) Babes, blisters and basement membranes: from sticky molecules to epidermolysis bullosa. Clin Exp Dermatol 12:161–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elias PM (1989) The stratum corneum as an organ of protection; old and new concepts. In: Fritsch P, Schuler G, Hintner H (eds) Immunodeficiency and Skin. Current Problems in Dermatology, 18th ed. S. Karger AG, Basel pp. 10–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias PM, Fritsch P, Epstein EH (1977) Review: staphy-lococcal scalded skin syndrome. Arch Dermatol 113:207–219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emile JF, Wechsler J, Brousse N, et al. (1995) Langer-hans' cell histiocytosis. Definitive diagnosis with the use of monoclonal antibody O10 on routinely paraffin-embedded samples. Am J Surg Pathol 19:636–641.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein EJ, Williams ML, Elias PM (1981) Editorial: steroid sulphatase, X linked ichthyosis and stratum corneum cell cohesion. Arch Dermatol 117:761–763.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Mullen RH, Jacobs AH, Nall L (1986) Infantile psoriasis: a follow up study. Pediatr Dermatol 3:237–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Favara BE (1991) Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: pathology and pathogenesis. Semin Oncol 18:3–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fine J, Couchman JR (1989) Chondroitin-6-sulphate proteoglycan but not heparin-sulphate proteoglycan is abnormally expressed in skin basement membrane from patients with dominant and recessive dystro-phic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 92:611–616.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fine J, Hintner H, Katz SI (1987) Immunofluorescent studies in epidermolysis bullosa utilising polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In: Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Kumar V (eds) Immunopathology of the Skin, 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 399–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay JL, Noe JM, Arndt KA, Rosen S (1984) Port wine stains. Arch Dermatol 120:1453–1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis DP, Herrmann KL, MacMahon, JR, Chaviguy KJ, Sanderlin KC (1975) Nosocomial and maternally acquired herpes virus hominis infections. Am J Dis Child 129:889–893.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francois J (1984) Incontinentia pigmenti and retinal change. Br J Ophthalmol 68:19–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frieden IJ (1986) Aplasia cutis congenital: a clinical review and proposal for classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:646–660.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frieden IJ (1989) Blisters and pustules in the newborn. Curr Probl Pediatr 19:551–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman SJ, Winkelmann RK (1989) Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: light, ultrastructural and histochemical microscopic studies. J Cutan Pathol 16:99–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frost P, van Scott EJ (1966) Ichthyosiform dermatoses. Arch Dermatol 94:113–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulk CS (1984) Primary disorders of hyperpigmenta-tion. J Am Acad Dermatol 10:1–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gari LM, Rivers JK, Kopf AW (1988) Melanomas arising in large congenital nevocytic nevi; a prospective study. Pediatr Dermatol 5:151–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gellis SS (1977) Constrictive bands in the human. Birth Defects 13:259–265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golkar L, Bernhard JD (1997) Mastocytosis. Lancet 349:1379–1385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goltz RW, Henderson RR, Hitch JM, Ott JE (1970) Focal dermal hypoplasia. Arch Dermatol 101:1–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorlin RJ, Anderson RC, Blaw M (1969) Multiple len-tigines syndrome. Am J Dis Child 117:652–662.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb SK, Fisher BK, Violin GA (1973) Focal dermal hypoplasia, 9 year follow-up. Arch Dermatol 108:551–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groh V, Gadner H, Radaszkiewicz T, et al. (1988) The phenotypic spectrum of histiocystosis X-cells. J Invest Dermatol 90:441–447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross BD, Forman D, Ansell PE, et al. (1990) The prevalence and characteristics of congenital pigmented lesions in newborn babies in Oxford. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 4:448–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrier CJW, Wong CK (1974) Ultrastructural evolution of the skin in incontinentia pigmenti. Dermato-logica 149:10–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamada T, McLean WH, Ramsay M, et al. (2002) Lipoid proteinosis maps to 1q21 and is caused by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1). Hum Mol Genet 11:833–840.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen RC (1983) Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome and Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 30:533–544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto K, Gross BG, DiBella RJ, Lever WF (1966) The ultrastructure of the skin of human embryos. IV. Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 47:317–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazell M, Marks R (1985) Clinical, histologic, and cell kinetic discriminants between lamellar ichthyosis and nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma. Arch Dermatol 121:489–493.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Held JL, Haber RS, Silvers DN, Grossman ME (1990) Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis: review and description of a patient with unusually persistent lesions. Pediatr Dermatol 7:63–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook KA, Byers PH (1982) Structural abnormalities of the dermal collagen and elastic matrix from the skin of patients with inherited connective tissue disorders. J Invest Dermatol 7:7s–16s.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook KA, Odland GF (1975) The fine structure of developing human epidermis: light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the periderm. J Invest Dermatol 65:16–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honig PJ (1983) Diaper dermatitis. Postgrad Med 74: 79–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honour JW, Goolamali SK, Taylor NF (1985) Prenatal diagnosis and variable presentation of recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 112: 423–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horn TD (1994) Acute cutaneous eruptions after marrow ablation: roses by other names? J Cutan Pathol 21:385–392.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyes AD (1968) Electron microscopy of the surface layer (periderm) of human foetal skin. J Anat 103:321–336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurwitz S (1983) Epidermal nevi and tumours of epidermal origin. Pediatr Clin North Am 30:483–494.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs AH, (1983) Vascular nevi. Pediatr Clin North Am 30:465–482.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs AH, Walton RG (1976) The incidence of birthmarks in the neonate. Pediatrics 58: 218–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ, Gerald WL, et al. (1998) A103: An anti-Melan-A monoclonal antibody for the detection of malignant melanoma in paraffin-embedded tissues. Am J Surg Pathol 22:595–602.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellum RE, Ray TL, Brown GR (1968) Sclerema neona-torum. Report of a case and analysis of subcutaneous and epidermal-dermal lipids by chromatographic methods. Arch Dermatol 97:372–380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kere J, Srivastava AK, Montonen O, et al. (1996) X-linked anhidrotic (hypohidrotic) ectodermal dyspla-sia is caused by mutations in a novel transmembrane protein. Nat Genet 73:409–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khakoo A, Thomas R, Trompeter R, Duffy P, Price R, Pope FM (1997) Congenital cutis laxa and lysyl oxidase deficiency. Clin Genet 51:109–114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimyai-Asadi A, Kotcher LB, Jih MH (2002) The molecular basis of hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. J Am Acad Dermatol 47:327–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruisinski PA, Saurat J (1989) Transplacentally transferred dermatosis. Pediatr Dermatol 6:166–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamartine J (2003) Towards a new classification of ecto-dermal dysplasias. Clin Exp Dermatol 28:351–355.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamartine J, Munhoz Essenfelder G, Kibar Z, et al. (2000) Mutations in GJB6 cause hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Nat Genet 26:142–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawler F, Holmes SC (1989) Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome in the neonate. J R Soc Med 82:165–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledoux-Corbusier M (1983) Cutis laxa, congenital form with pulmonary emphysema; an ultrastructural study. J Cutan Pathol 10:340–349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CW, Park MH, Lee H (1988) Recurrent cutaneous Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in infancy. Br J Derma-tol 119:259–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee LA (1993) Neonatal lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 100:9–13S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leung AKC, Telmesani AMA (1989) Salmon patches in Caucasian children. Pediatr Dermatol 6:185–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim W, Sadick N, Gupta A, Kaplin M, Pahwa S (1990) Skin diseases in children with HIV infection and their association with degree of immunosuppression. Int J Dermatol 29:24–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luders D (1960) Histologic observations in erythema toxicum neonatorum. Pediatrics 26:219–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao JR, Bristow J (2001) The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: on beyond collagens. J Clin Invest 107:1063–1069.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghoob AA, Schoenbach SP, Kopf AW, et al. (1996) Large congenital naevi and the risk for the development of malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol 132:170–175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mark GJ, Mihm MC, Liteplo MG, Reed RJ, Clark WH (1973) Congenital melanocytic naevi of small and garment type; clinical, histologic and ultrastructural studies. Hum Pathol 4:395–418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin-Pascual A, de Unamuno P, Aparicio M, Herreros V (1977) Anhidrotic (or hypohidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia. Dermatologica 154:235–243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy T, Sanders P (1978) The origin and circulation of the amniotic fluid. In: Fairweather DVI, Eskes TKAB (eds) Amniotic Fluid Research and Clinical Application, 2nd ed. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald CJ (1988) Structure and function of the skin: are there differences between black and white skin? Dermatol Clin 6:343–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLaurin CI (1988) Pediatric dermatology in black patients. Dermatol Clin 6:457–473.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellerio JE, Dunnill MGS, Allison W, et al. (1997) Recurrent mutations in the Type VII collagen gene (COL 7AI) in patients with recessive dystrophic epi-dermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 109:246–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merlob P, Metzker A, Hazaz B, Rogovin H, Reisner SH (1986) Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatrics 78:1102–1105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milner ME, O'Guin WM, Holbrook KA, et al. (1992) Abnormal lamellar granules in harlequin ichthyosis. J Invest Dermatol 99:824–829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moller LB, Tumer Z, Lund C, et al. (2000) Similar splice-site mutations of the ATP7A gene lead to different phenotypes: classical Menkes disease or occipital horn syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 66:1211–1220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss C, Savin JA (1995) Dermatology and the New Genetics. Oxford Science, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanda A, Kaur, S, Bhakoo ON, Dhall K (1989) Survey of cutaneous lesions in Indian newborns. Paediatr Dermatology 6:39–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickoloff BJ, Walton R, Pregerson-Rodnan K, Jacobs AH, Cox AJ (1986) Immunohistologic patterns of congenital nevocellular nevi. Arch Dermatol 122:1263–1268.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norwood-Galloway A, Lebwohl M, Phelps RG, Raucher H (1987) Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn with hypercalcemia. J Am Acad Dermatol 16:435– 439.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson NY, Lindsley CB (1987) Neonatal lupus syndrome. Am J Dis Child 141:908–910.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osburn K, Schosser RH, Evertt MA (1987) Congenital pigmented and vascular lesions in newborn infants. J Am Acad Dermatol 16:788–792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen DR, Chu ML, Kitto J (1988) Expression of basement membrane zone genes coding for type IV pro-collagen and laminin by human skin fibroblasts in vitro; elevated a1 (IV) collagen mRNA levels in lipoid proteinosis. J Invest Dermatol 90:734–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paller AS, Syder AJ, Chan YM, et al. (1994) Genetic and clinical mosaicism in a type of epidermal nevus. N Engl J Med 331:1408–1415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierard GE, van Neste D, Letot B (1979) Hidrotic ecto-dermal dysplasia. Dermatologica 158:168–174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinheiro M, Freire-Maia N (1983) Dermoodontodyspla-sia: an eleven number, four generation pedigree with an apparently hitherto undescribed pure ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Genet 24:58–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollard ZE, Harley RD, Calhoun J (1976) Dermoid cysts in children. Pediatrics 57:379–382.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pope FM, Nicholls AC (1986) Collagen genes and proteins in human diseases. In: Chapman PH (ed) Recent advances in dermatology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pope FM, Narcisi P, Nicholls AC, Liberman N, Oorthuys JWE (1988) Clinical presentation of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type IV. Arch Dis Child 63:1016–1025.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prussick R, Brain MC, Walker IR, Sauder DN (1991) Polymyositis: a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 25:560– 562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen HB, Teisner B, Chemnitx J, Rasmussen JM, Brandrup F (1989) Localisation of fetal antigen 2 (FA-2) in fetal and adult human skin. Br J Dermatol 121:433–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehfield SJ, Palchy WZ, Williams ML, Elias PM (1988) Calorimetric and electron spin resonance examination of lipid phase transitions in human stratum corneum: molecular basis for normal cohesion and abnormal desquamation in recessive X-linked ich-thyosis. J Invest Dermatol 91:499–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR (1983) Pigmented birthmarks and precursor melanocytic lesions of cutaneous melanoma identifiable in childhood. Pediatr Clin North Am 30:435–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR (1986) Congenital nevomelanocytic nevi: histologic patterns in the first year of life and evolution during childhood. Arch Dermatol 122:1257–1262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Melski J (1982) Small congenital nevocel-lular nevi and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. J Pediatr 100:219–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Silverman RA, Harrist TJ, Melski JW (1985) A histologic comparison of congenital and acquired nevomelanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol 121:1266– 1273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Revenga L, Iranzo P, Badenas C, Puig S, Carrio A, Mila M (2004) A novel elastin gene mutation resulting in an autosomal dominant form of cutis laxa. Arch Dermatol 140:1135–1139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth RR, James WD (1989) Microbiology of the skin: resident flora, ecology, infection. J Am Acad Derma-tol 20:367–390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothnagel JA, Domney AM, Demsey, et al. (1992) Mutations in the rod domain of keratin 1 and 10 in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Science 257:1128– 1130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rusenko KW, Gammon WR, Fine J, Briggaman RA (1989) The carboxyl-terminal domain of type VII collagen is present at the basement membrane in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 92:623–627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagebiel RW, Odland GF (1970) Ultrastructural identi-fication of melanocytes in early human embryos. J Invest Dermatol 54:96(abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakuntabhai A, Ruiz-Perez V, Carter S, et al. (1999) Mutations in ATP2A2, encoding a Ca2+ pump, cause Darier disease. Nat Genet 21:271–277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler A, Snedeker JD (1987) Cytomegalovirus infection in an infant presenting with cutaneous vasculi-tis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 6:422–423.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh T, Tokura Y, Katsumata M, Sonoda T, Takigawa M (1990) Histological diagnostic criteria for accessory tragi. J Cutan Pathol 17:206–210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saurat JH, Gluckman E (1977) Lichen-planus-like eruption following bone marrow transplantation: a manifestation of the graft-versus-host disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2:335–344.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachner L, Lazarus GS, Dembitzer H (1977) Epider-molysis bullosa herditaria letalis; pathology, natural history and therapy. Br J Dermatol 96:51–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schamburg-Lever G, Lever WF (1973) Electron microscopy of incontinentia pigmenti. J Invest Dermatol 61:151–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro LJ, Weiss R, Webster D, France JT (1978) X linked ichthyosis due to steroid sulphatase defi-ciency. Lancet I:70–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimada S, Katz SI (1988) The skin as an immunologic organ. Arch Pathol Lab Med 112:231–234.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu H, Niizeki H, Suzumori K, et al. (1994) Prenatal diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism by analysis of the fetal tyrosinase gene. J Invest Dermatol 103:104–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shornick JK (1987) Herpes gestationis. J Am Acad Dermatol 17:539–556.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigg C, Pelloni F, Schnyder UW (1990) Frequency of congenital nevi, nevi spili and café au lait spots and their relation to nevus count and skin complexion in 939 children. Dermatologica 180:118–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter JC, Hardman JM, Kempe LG, Earle KM (1969) Neurocutaneous melanosis and leptomeningeal mel-anomatosis in children. Arch Pathol 88:298–304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smahi A, Hyden-Granskog C, Peterlin B, et al. (1994) The gene for the familial form of incontinentia pig-menti (IP2) maps to the distal part of Xq28. Hum Mol Genet 3:273–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith LT, Holbrook KA (1986) Embryogenesis of the dermis in human skin. Pediatr Dermatol 3:271–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith LT, Sakai LY, Burgeson RE, Holbrook KA (1988) Ontogenesis of structural components of the dermal– epidermal junction in human embryonic and fetal skin: the appearance of anchoring fibrils and type VII collagen. J Invest Dermatol 90:480–485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon LM, Keuer EJ (1980) The ectodermal dyspla-sias. Problems of classification and some newer syndromes. Arch Dermatol 116:1295–1299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sontheimer RD, McCauliffe DP (1990) Pathogenesis of anti-Ro/SS-A autoantibody-associated cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Clin 8:751–758.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stingl G, Steiner G (1989) Immunological host defence of the skin. In: Fritsch P, Schuler G, Hintner H (eds) Immunodeficiency and Skin. Current Problems in Dermatology, 18th ed. S. Karger AG, Basel pp. 22–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straka BF, Whitaker DL, Morrison SH, Oleske JM, Grant-Kels JM (1988) Cutaneous manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 18:1089–1102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sulica VI, Cooper PH, Pope FM, Hambrick GW, Gerson BM, McKusick VA (1979) Cutaneous histologic features in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: study of 21 patients. Arch Dermatol 115:40–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swerdlow AJ, English JSC, Qiao Z (1995) The risk of melanoma in patients with congenital naevi: a cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 32:595–599.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sybert VP, Dale BA, Holbrook KA (1988) Palmar– plantar keratoderma. A clinical, ultrastructural and biochemical study. J Am Acad Dermatol 18:75–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takematsu H, Terui T, Torinuki W, et al. (1986) Incon-tinentia pigmenti: eosinophilic chemotactic activity of the crusted scales in the vesiculo-bullous stage. Br J Dermatol 115:61–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terasaki K, Kanekura T, Setoyama M, Kanzaki T (2003) A pediatric case of sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease. Pediatr Dermatol 20:327–331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomita Y (1994) The molecular genetics of albinism and piebaldism. Arch Dermatol 130:355–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Travis WD, Li C, Bergstralh EJ, Yam LT, Swee RG (1988) Systemic mast cell disease: analysis of 58 cases and literature review. Medicine 67:345–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunnessen WW (1983) Cutaneous infections. Pediatr Clin North Am 30(3):515–532.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vandersteen PR, Muller SA (1972) Lamellar ichthyosis. Enzyme histochemical, light and EM study. Arch Dermatol 106:694–701.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh SS, Robson WJ (1988) Granuloma gluteale infan-tum: an unusual complication of napkin dermatitis. Arch Emerg Med 5:113–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessells NK (1967) Differentiation of epidermis and epidermal derivatives. N Engl J Med 277(1):21–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whimster IW (1976) The pathology of lymphangioma circumscriptum. Br J Dermatol 94:473–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ML (1992) Ichthyosis: mechanisms of disease. Paediatric Dermatol 9:365–368.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ML, Elias PM (1985) Heterogeneity in autoso-mal recessive ichthyosis. Arch Dermatol 121:477– 488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ML, Elias PM (1987) Genetically transmitted generalised disorders of cornification. The Ichthyo-ses. Dermatol Clin 5:155–178.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson SL, Botero F, Hurwitz S, Pearson HA (1981) “Pure” cutaneous histiocytosis X. Cancer 48:2236– 2238.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yancey KB (1995) Adhesion molecules: II interactions of keratinocytes with epidermal basement membrane. Prog Dermatol 104:1008–1014.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histopathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

    Peter R. Millard MA, MD, FRCPath

  2. Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK

    Fraser G. Charlton BmedSci, MBBS, PhD, MRCPath

Authors
  1. Peter R. Millard MA, MD, FRCPath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fraser G. Charlton BmedSci, MBBS, PhD, MRCPath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Formerly Consultant Paediatric Pathologist Royal Hospital for Sick Children and Royal Infi rmary Edinburgh and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK

    Jean W. Keeling FRCPath, FRCPEdin, FRCPCH

  2. Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide and Clinical Professor, University of Adelaide, Australia

    T. Yee Khong MD, FRCPath, FRCPA (Consultant Pathologist) (Consultant Pathologist)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Millard, P.R., Charlton, F.G. (2007). The Skin. In: Keeling, J.W., Khong, T.Y. (eds) Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-743-5_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-743-5_30

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-524-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-743-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation