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Introduction to Echocardiography

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Cardiovascular Medicine

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Abstract

  • Echocardiography is a safe, noninvasive, and widely available method that often provides a definitive anatomic and hemodynamic diagnosis and guides medical management.

  • Although long viewed as clinically “mature,” echocardiography has undergone further “revolutionary” advances during the past 10 years, including not only technologic breakthroughs but also new clinical applications for older techniques.

  • The recent explosion of potential “add-on” techniques presents echocardiographers with challenging questions about what constitutes real clinical progress and what techniques should be incorporated into the standard examination protocol. By becoming familiar with their clinical indications, echocardiographers can use these techniques selectively, on an “as-needed” basis, and thus streamline patient care.

  • Because of increased availability and clinical utility, echocardiography’s usage has greatly expanded in recent years. However, echocardiography demands a major commitment in terms of time, personnel, ongoing training, and technology.

  • An understanding of the physics of ultrasound is essential for performing echocardiography examinations and interpreting their results.

  • A comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography examination includes systematic acquisition of a set of twodimensional and M-mode views, along with spectral Doppler and color Doppler evaluation of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures (e.g., the myocardium, cardiac valves, pericardium, and great vessels).

  • Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography are frequently used as complementary imaging techniques. Accordingly, the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods should be understood.

  • Newer imaging modalities that are being introduced into the standard examination include contrast echocardiography, harmonic imaging modalities, parametric imaging modes, and selected three-dimensional techniques.

  • Echocardiography examinations using standardized and novel imaging modes are frequently applied to a wide range of new clinical treatments, including assessment of left ventricular assist devices.

  • In this growing field, important quality assurance measures have evolved along with imaging techniques to improve the quality of delivered care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA

    Raymond F. Stainback MD, FACC, FASE

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  1. Raymond F. Stainback MD, FACC, FASE
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Houston

    James T. Willerson MD (President, President-Elect and Medical Director) (President, President-Elect and Medical Director)

  2. Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA

    James T. Willerson MD (President, President-Elect and Medical Director) (President, President-Elect and Medical Director)

  3. Department of Cardiology, University of Maastricht, Masstricht, The Netherlands

    Hein J. J. Wellens MD (Emeritus Professor) (Emeritus Professor)

  4. Rasmussen Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Jay N. Cohn MD (Professor of Medicine and Director) (Professor of Medicine and Director)

  5. Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA

    David R. Holmes Jr. MD (Consultant, Professor of Medicine and Scripps Professor) (Consultant, Professor of Medicine and Scripps Professor)

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Stainback, R.F. (2007). Introduction to Echocardiography. In: Willerson, J.T., Wellens, H.J.J., Cohn, J.N., Holmes, D.R. (eds) Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_5

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