Abstract
Early models of stress considered it to arise from our environment, and to impact on us all equally. Holmes and Rahe1 established a hierarchy of severity for various stressors. They also attempted to provide a link between stress and health, suggesting that the more stressful life events an individual experiences, the more their risk of ill-health. Unfortunately, this hypothesis was rarely substantiated. What has emerged from subsequent research is that the impact of potentially stressful events is mediated by our psychological responses to those events. The meaning attributed to events, and the coping responses we use, profoundly influence our emotional and behavioral responses to them. Accordingly, more recent models of stress consider stress to have a number of components: a cognitive response (“I am worried I won’t cope with this problem”), a physiological component usually involving increased autonomic arousal, a behavioral element involving more or less useful coping responses, and an emotional experience involving a variety of negative emotional states such as anger or anxiety (Figure 34-1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Holmes TH, Rahe RH. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. J Psychosom Res 1967;11:213–218.
Beck A. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1977.
Rees K, Bennett P, Vedhara K, West R, Davey Smith G, Ibrahim S. Stress Management for Coronary Heart Disease. The Cochrane Library, Issue 2. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2004.
Van Dixhoorn J, White A. Relaxation therapy for rehabilitation and prevention in ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005;12:193–202.
Bundy C, Carroll D, Wallace L, Nagle R. Psychological treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris. Psychol Health 1994;10:69–77.
Gallacher JEJ, Hopkinson CA, Bennett P, Burr ML, Elwood PC. Effect of stress management on angina. Psychol Health 1977;12:523–532.
Friedman M, Thoresen CE, Gill JJ, et al. Alteration of Type A behavior and its effect on cardiac recurrences in post myocardial infarction patients: summary results of the Recurrent Coronary Prevention Project. Am Heart J 1986;112:653–665.
Blumenthal JA, Jiang W, Babyak MA, Williams, DE, Rummans, TA, Gau GT. Stress management and exercise training in cardiac patients with myocardial ischemia. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2213–2217.
Appels A, Bar F, Lasker J, Flamm U, Kop W. The effect of a psychological intervention program on the risk of a new coronary event after angioplasty: A feasibility study. J Psychosom Med 1997;43:209–217.
Sorensen C, Friis-Hasche E, Haghfelt T, Bech P. Post-myocardial infarction mortality in relation to depression: a systematic critical review. Psychother Psychosom 2005;74:69–80.
Black JL, Allison TG, Williams DE, Rummans TA, Gau GT. Effect of intervention for psychological distress on rehospitalization rates in cardiac rehabilitation patients. Psychosom 1998;39:134–143.
Berkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, et al. Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. JAMA 2003;289:3106–3116.
Egan G. The Skilled Helper: A Problem-Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2002.
Meichenbaum D. Stress Inoculation Training. New York: Pergamon; 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bennett, P. (2007). Stress Management. In: Perk, J., et al. Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-502-8_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-502-8_34
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-462-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-502-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)