Conclusion
Objective evaluation of the pelvic floor is an important part of the assessment of patients with defecation disorders. In this assessment, EMG is used to diagnose PSR and to assess the effect of biofeedback treatment. For practical reasons, surface EMG using an anal plug is usually preferred in this assessment. The role of PNTML and testing of anorectal sensation with electrosensitivity in constipated patients remains unclear.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adrian ED, Bronk DW. The discharge of impulses in motor nerve fibers. In J Physiol 1929;67:119–151.
Beck A. Elektromyographische Untersuchungen am sphinkter ani. Arch Physiol 1930;224:278–292.
Porter NH. A physiological study of the pelvic floor in rectal prolapse. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1962;31:379–404.
Floyd WF, Walls EW. Electromyography of the sphincter ani externus in man. J Physiol 1953;122:599–609.
Neill ME, Swash M. Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980;43:343–347.
Percy JP, Neill ME, Kandiah TK, Swash M. A neurogenic factor in faecal incontinence in the elderly. Age Ageing 1982;11:175–179.
Henry MM, Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M. Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:355–360.
O’Donnell P, Beck C, Doyle R, Eubanks C. Surface electrodes in perineal electromyography. Urology 1988;34:375–379.
Pfeifer J, Teoh T-A, Salanga VD, Agachan F, Wexner SD. Comparative study between intraoperative sponge and needle electrode for electromyographic evaluation of constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:1153–1157.
Binnie NR, Kawimbe BM, Papachrysostomou M, Clare N, Smith AN. The importance of the orientation of the electrode plates in recording the external anal sphincter EMG by non-invasive anal plug electrodes. Int J Colorect Dis 1991;6:5–8.
Bleijenberg G, Kuijpers HC. Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback. Dis Colon Rectum 1987;30:108–111.
Snooks SJ, Barnes PRH, Swash M, Henry MM. Damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature in chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 1985;89:977–981.
Kuijpers HC, Bleijenberg G. The spastic pelvic floor syndrome. A cause of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:669–672.
Johansson C, Nilsson B-Y, Holmström B, Dolk A. Is paradoxical sphincter reaction provoked by needle electrode electromyography? Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:1109–1112.
Jorge JMN, Wexner SD, Ger GC, Salanga VD, Nogueras JJ, Jagelman DG. Cinedefecography and electromyography in the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:668–676.
Johansson C, Ihre T, Holmstrom B, Nordstrom E, Dolk A, Broden G. A combined electromyographic and cineradiologic investigation in patients with defecation disorders. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:1009–1013.
Keighley MRB, Shouler P. Outlet syndrome: is there a surgical option? J R Soc Med 1984;77:559–563.
Jones PN, Lubowski DZ, Swash M, Henry MM. Is paradoxical contraction of puborectalis muscle of functional importance? Dis Colon Rectum 1987;30:667–670.
Duthie GS, Bartolo DCC. Anismus: the cause of constipation? Results of investigation and treatment.World J Surg 1992;16:831–835.
Lopez A, Holmstrom B, Nilsson BY, et al. Paradoxical sphincter reaction is influenced by rectal filling volume. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:1017–1022.
Dahl J, Lindquist BL, Tysk C, Leissner P, Philipson L, Järnerot G. Behavioral medicine treatment in chronic constipation with paradoxical anal sphincter contraction. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:769–776.
Gilliland R, Heymen S, Altomare D, Park UC, Vickers D, Wexner SD. Outcome and predictors of success of biofeedback for constipation. Br J Surg 1997;84:1123–1126.
Swash M, Snooks SJ. Motor nerve conduction studies of the pelvic floor innervation. In: Henry MM, Swash M, eds. Coloproctology and the Pelvic Floor. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992:196–206.
Lubowski DZ, Jones PN, Henry MM. Asymmetrical pudendal nerve damage in pelvic floor disorders. Int J Colorect Dis 1988;3:158–160.
Kiff ES, Barnes PRH, Swash M. Evidence of pudendal neuropathy in patients with perineal descent and chronic straining at stool. Gut 1984;25:1279–1282.
Kiff ES, Swash M. Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 1984;71:614–616.
Vaccaro CA, Cheong DM, Wexner SD, Salanga VD, Phillips RC, Hanson MR. Role of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment in constipated patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1250–1254.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mellgren, A.F., Zetterström, J., Nilsson, B.Y. (2006). Electromyography and Pudendal Nerve Terminal Motor Latency. In: Wexner, S.D., Duthie, G.S. (eds) Constipation. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-275-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-275-1_11
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-724-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-275-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)