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Adipokines: Leptin and Adiponectin in the Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Responses

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Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Adipokines are peptides mostly secreted by adipocytes and capable of acting at both the local (autocrine/paracrine) and systemic (endocrine) levels, providing a critical link between obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammatory disorders [1–3]. Although several adipokines have been described, the two that best fit the description and that are best understood are leptin and adiponectin (APN), the first two adipokines to be discovered. Other mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and others, are also secreted by adipocytes; however, these are not strictly classified as adipokines because adipocytes are not the main source of these mediators [3, 4]. Production of adipokines by adipocytes is one of the most important ways for white adipose tissue (WAT) to influence physiological and pathological processes throughout the body, including appetite, glucose and fat metabolism, vascular health, bone strength, endocrine function, and so on. This chapter discusses leptin and APN, with emphasis on their role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses, a critical mechanism linking nutritional status and adiposity to several pathologies, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as chronic conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular (CVD) disease, and cancer.

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  1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Giamila Fantuzzi Ph.D.

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    Giamila Fantuzzi

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    Carol Braunschweig

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Fantuzzi, G. (2014). Adipokines: Leptin and Adiponectin in the Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Responses. In: Fantuzzi, G., Braunschweig, C. (eds) Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-770-9_6

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