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Bad Fat or Just More Fat? Murine Models of Metabolically Healthy Obesity

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Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980, with more than 500 million individuals currently obese (BMI > 30) [1]. The potential public health, economic and social impacts of this “epidemic” are daunting, as obesity is an independent risk factor for debilitating comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), certain cancers, and overall mortality [2, 3]. These comorbidities reflect in large part the metabolic dysregulation that typifies the chronically obese state. Intriguingly, however, a significant proportion (25 %) of obese individuals remains relatively protected from metabolic complications typically associated with obesity [4]. This group, referred to as the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) remain insulin sensitive with favorable hormonal and liver enzyme profiles in the relative absence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or inflammation [2, 4–13]. Criteria for defining “metabolic health” in MHO individuals vary in the literature. As a rule, however, the criteria are based on the absence or “below cutoff” values for cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome hallmarks or insulin resistance in individuals with BMI > 30 [14–16]. Independent of the criteria used to assess MHO, the metabolic profiles of these individuals approximate those of young lean individuals [17] and have been longitudinally associated with reduced incidences of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, elucidating the factors that underlie the MHO phenotype is an important undertaking.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R01-DK074979 (to MSO and ASG), RO1-DK082574 and R24 DK087669 (to ASG), 1RC2ES01871 to (ASG and MSO), T32-HL069772-10 (to GB), P30DK072476 (Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center), and USDA-ARS grant 58-1950-7-707 (to ASG and MSO).

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  1. Department of Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory and Functional Genomics Unit, JMUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Grace Bennett Ph.D., Andrew S. Greenberg M.D., Ph.D. & Martin S. Obin Ph.D.

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  1. Grace Bennett Ph.D.
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  2. Andrew S. Greenberg M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. Martin S. Obin Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Martin S. Obin Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Giamila Fantuzzi

  2. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Carol Braunschweig

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Bennett, G., Greenberg, A.S., Obin, M.S. (2014). Bad Fat or Just More Fat? Murine Models of Metabolically Healthy Obesity. In: Fantuzzi, G., Braunschweig, C. (eds) Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-770-9_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-770-9_4

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