Skip to main content

Incidence and Prevalence of Pressure Ulcers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Pressure Ulcers in the Aging Population

Part of the book series: Aging Medicine ((AGME,volume 1))

Abstract

Understanding pressure ulcer epidemiology is central to understanding disease burden and to efforts to improve pressure ulcer care. A variety of measures are commonly used, including incidence, prevalence, and facility acquired rates. Each of these measures has specific strengths and limitations when used in assessing pressure ulcer rates. Pressure ulcer rates are highly dependent on the data source and rates calculated from one source can never be compared to rates from a different source. Estimates of pressure ulcer rates from different settings vary considerably but indicate that pressure ulcers are among the most common conditions seen in hospitalized individuals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. NPUAP pressure ulcer stages/categories [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2012 Sept 9]. Available from: http://www.npuap.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/NPUAP-Pressure-Ulcer-Stages-Categories.pdf

  2. Baharestani MM, Black JM, Carville K, Clark M, Cuddigan JE, Dealey C, DeFloor T, Harding KG, Lahmann NA, Lubbers MJ, Lyder CH, Ohura T, Orsted HL, Reger SI, Romanelli M, Sanada H. Dilemmas in measuring and using pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence: an international perspective. Int Wound J. 2009;6:97–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. DeFloor T, Clark M, Witherow A, Colin D, Lindholm C, Schoonhoven L, Moore Z. EPUAP statement on prevalence and incidence monitoring of pressure ulcer occurrence 2005. EPUAP Rev. 2005;6:74–80.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gunningberg L, Ehrenberg A. Accuracy and quality in the nursing documentation of pressure ulcers: a comparison of record content and patient examination. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2004;31:328–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Berlowitz D, Intrator O. Risk adjustment for long-term care. In: Iezzoni LI, editor. Risk adjustment for measuring health care outcomes. Chicago, IL: Health Administration; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Berlowitz DR, Brandeis GH, Brand HK, Halpern J, Ash AS, Moskowitz MA. Evaluating pressure ulcer occurrence in long-term care: pitfalls in interpreting administrative data. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:289–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Goode PS, Allman RM, Bartolucci AA, Burst N. Accuracy of pressure ulcer diagnosis by discharge diagnosis coding [Abstract]. Clin Res. 1993;41(2):200A.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Guralnik JM, Harris TB, White LR, Cornoni-Huntley JC. Occurrence and predictors of pressure sores in the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey follow-up. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36:807–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Berlowitz DR, Ash AS, Brandeis GH, Brand HK, Halpern J, Moskowitz MA. Rating long-term care facilities on pressure ulcer development: importance of case-mix adjustment. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:557–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Berlowitz DR, Bezerra HQ, Brandeis GH, Kader B, Anderson JJ. Are we improving the quality of nursing home care: the case of pressure ulcers. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:59–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Berlowitz DR, Anderson J, Ash AS, Brandeis G, Brand HK, Moskowitz MA. Reducing random variation in reported rates of pressure ulcer development. Med Care. 1998;36:818–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pieper B, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, editors. Pressure ulcers: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Washington, DC: NPUAP; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cuddigan J, Ayello E, Sessman C, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, editors. Pressure ulcers in America: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Reston VA: NPUAP; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Inman KJ, Sibbald WJ, Rutledge FS, Clark BJ. Clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of an air suspension bed in the prevention of pressure ulcers. JAMA. 1993;269:1139–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cuddigan J. Critical care. In: Pieper B, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, editors. Pressure ulcers: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Washington, DC: NPUAP; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fife C, Otto G, Capsuto EG, Brandt K, Lyssy K, Murphy K, Short C. Incidence of pressure ulcers in a neurologic intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:283–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. VanGilder C, Amlung S, Harrison P, Meyer S. Results of the 2008–2009 International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence™ Survey and a 3-year, acute care, unit-specific analysis. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2009;55(11):39–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Goldberg M. General acute care. In: Pieper B, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, editors. Pressure ulcers: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Washington, DC: NPUAP; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Baumgarten M, Margolis DJ, Orwig DL, Shardell MD, Hawkes WG, Langenberg P, Palmer MH, Jones PS, McArdle PF, Sterling R, Kinosian BP, Rich SE, Sowinski J, Magaziner J. Pressure ulcers in elderly patients with hip fractures across the continuum of care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:863–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Russo CA, Steiner C, Spector W. Hospitalizations related to pressure ulcers among adults 18 years and older. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2006. 2008 Dec. HCUP Statistical Brief #64.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Whittington KT, Briones R. National Prevalence and Incidence Study: 6-year sequential acute care data. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2004;17:490–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Brandeis GH, Morris JN, Nash DJ, Lipsitz LA. The epidemiology and natural history of pressure ulcers in elderly nursing home residents. JAMA. 1990;264:2905–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Pieper B, Pieper B. Long term care/nursing homes: incidence and prevalence data. In: Pieper B, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, editors. Pressure ulcers: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Washington, DC: NPUAP; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dan Berlowitz M.D., M.P.H. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berlowitz, D. (2014). Incidence and Prevalence of Pressure Ulcers. In: Thomas, MD, D., Compton, MD, G. (eds) Pressure Ulcers in the Aging Population. Aging Medicine, vol 1. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-700-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-700-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-699-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-700-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics