Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Sexually Transmitted Diseases pp 1–17Cite as

Human Papillomavirus and Genital Warts

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 2469 Accesses

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Practice ((CCP))

Abstract

Unknown until the second half of the twentieth century, human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as being one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, accounting for more than one third of the new cases of STIs each year (http://www.kff.org/womenshealth/1447-std_fs.cfm). Most HPV infections cause no symptoms, other types can cause genital warts, and still others cause invasive squamous cell anogenital carcinoma. This chapter provides an overview of HPV infection—its transmissibility and epidemiology. It focuses on genital warts in its discussion of the clinical consequences of HPV infection and treatment options. The contribution HPV infection makes to various genital cancers is mentioned, but the screening, diagnosis, and treatments of these conditions are outside the scope of this book.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Fact sheet: sexually transmitted diseases in the U.S. Available from: http://www.kff.org/womenshealth/1447-std_fs.cfm. Accessed 31 Dec 2012.

  2. Gerberding JL. Report to congress: prevention of genital human papillomavirus infection. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  3. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 Sexually transmitted diseases surveillance table; 2011. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats11/tables/44.htm. Accessed 31 Dec 2012.

  4. Cates Jr W. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. American Social Health Association Panel. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26:S2–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Myers ER, McCrory DC, Nanda K, Bastian L, Matchar DB. Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151:1158–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates Jr W. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004;36:6–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD. Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:423–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Silins I, Kallings I, Dillner J. Correlates of the spread of human papillomavirus infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:953–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sellors JW, Mahony JB, Kaczorowski J, et al. Prevalence and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women in Ontario, Canada. Survey of HPV in Ontario Women (SHOW) Group. CMAJ. 2000;163:503–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sellors JW, Karwalajtys TL, Kaczorowski J, et al. Incidence, clearance and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women. CMAJ. 2003;168:421–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bauer HM, Hildesheim A, Schiffman MH, et al. Determinants of genital human papilloma-virus infection in low-risk women in Portland, Oregon. Sex Transm Dis. 1993;20:274–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papilloma-virus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:518–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bleeker MC, Hogewoning CJ, Voorhorst FJ, et al. Condom use promotes regression of human papillomavirus-associated penile lesions in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer. 2003;107:804–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Marrazzo JM, Koutsky LA, Stine KL, et al. Genital human papillomavirus infection in women who have sex with women. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:1604–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cox T, Buck HW, Kinney W, Rubin MM. HPV types: natural history and epidemiology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Clinical proceedings. Washington, DC: Association of Reproductive Health Professionals; 2001. Available from: org/healthcareproviders/onlinepublications/clinicalproceedings/cphpv/types.cfm?ID=149. Accessed 24 Nov 2006.

  16. Mao C, Hughes JP, Kiviat N, et al. Clinical findings among young women with genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:677–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Perniciaro C, Dicken CH. Tanning bed warts. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;18:586–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Blackledge FA, Anand VK. Tracheobronchial extension of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2000;109:812–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Silverberg MJ, Thorsen P, Lindeberg H, Grant LA, Shah KV. Condyloma in pregnancy is strongly predictive of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:645–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Byars RW, Poole GV, Barber WH. Anal carcinoma arising from condyloma acuminata. Am Surg. 2001;67:469–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rubin MA, Kleter B, Zhou M, et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma: evidence for multiple independent pathways of penile carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:1211–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gunter J. Genital and perianal warts: new treatment opportunities for human papillomavirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:S3–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Arany I, Evans T, Tyring SK. Tissue specific HPV expression and downregulation of local immune responses in condylomas from HIV seropositive individuals. Sex Transm Infect. 1998;74:349–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Consensus guidelines: cytology algorithms and HPV genotyping algorithm. Available from: http://www.asccp.org. Accessed 5 Jan 2013.

  25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-warts.htm. Accessed 31 Dec 2012.

  26. Lacey CJ. Therapy for genital human papillovirus-related disease. J Clin Virol. 2005;32 Suppl 1:S82–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Langley PC, Richwald GA, Smith MH. Modeling the impact of treatment options in genital warts: patient-applied versus physician-administered therapies. Clin Ther. 1999;21:2143–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kodner CM, Nasraty S. Management of genital warts. Am Fam Physician. 2004;70:2335–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lacey CJ, Goodall RL, Tennvall GR, et al. Randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation of podophyllotoxin solution, podophyllotoxin cream, and podophyllin in the treatment of genital warts. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79:270–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dahl MV. Imiquimod: an immune response modifier. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43:S1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Tyring SK, Arany I, Stanley MA, et al. A randomized, controlled, molecular study of condylomata acuminata clearance during treatment with imiquimod. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:551–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Edwards L, Ferenczy A, Eron L, et al. Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:25–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Melzer SM, Monk BJ, Tewari KS. Green tea catechins for treatment of external genital warts. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:233.e1–e7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Tatti S, Swinehart JM, Thielert C, et al. Sinecatechins, a defined green tea extract, in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:1371–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Tzellos TG, Sardelli C, Lallas A, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of green tea catechins in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25(3):345–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Stockfleth E, Beti H, Orasan R, et al. Topical Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158:1329–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gross G, Meyer KG, Pres H, et al. A randomized, double-blind, four-arm parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase II/III study to investigate the clinical efficacy of two galenic formulations of Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital warts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21:1404–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Maw RD. Treatment of anogenital warts. Dermatol Clin. 1998;16:829–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Carrasco D, vander Straten M, Tyring SK. Treatment of anogenital warts with imiquimod 5% cream followed by surgical excision of residual lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:S212–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Linnehan MJ, Groce NE. Psychosocial and educational services for female college students with genital human papillomavirus infection. Fam Plann Perspect. 1999;31:137–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Campion MJ, Brown JR, McCance DJ, et al. Psychosexual trauma of an abnormal cervical smear. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1988;95:175–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Filiberti A, Tamburini M, Stefanon B, et al. Psychological aspects of genital human papillomavirus infection: a preliminary report. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 1993;14:145–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Guy H. Survey shows how we live with HPV. HPV News. 1993;3(1):4–8.

    Google Scholar 

  44. CDC. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56(No. RR-2):1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  45. CDC. FDA licensure of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2, Cervarix) for use in females and updated HPV vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:626–9.

    Google Scholar 

  46. CDC. FDA licensure of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4, Gardasil) for use in males and guidance from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:630–2.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, et al. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1645–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Harper DM, Franco EL, Wheeler C, et al. Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364:1757–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Villa LL, Costa RL, Petta CA, et al. Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:271–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, et al. Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2645–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hogewoning CJ, Bleeker MC, van den Brule AJ, et al. Condom use promotes regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and clearance of human papillomavirus: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Cancer. 2003;107:811–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria St., Carson, CA, 90747, USA

    Linda Caryn Goldman MSN, WHNP-BC, FNP

  2. Abington Family Medicine, Abington Memorial Hospital, Jenkintown, PA, 19046, USA

    Amy Lynn Clouse MD

Authors
  1. Linda Caryn Goldman MSN, WHNP-BC, FNP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amy Lynn Clouse MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linda Caryn Goldman MSN, WHNP-BC, FNP .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Memorial Hospital, Old York Road 817, Jenkintown, 19046, Pennsylvania, USA

    Neil S. Skolnik

  2. Abington Family Medicine, Old York Road 817, Jenkintown, 19046, Pennsylvania, USA

    Amy Lynn Clouse

  3. East River Road 855, Tucson, 85718, Arizona, USA

    Jo Ann Woodward

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goldman, L.C., Clouse, A.L. (2013). Human Papillomavirus and Genital Warts. In: Skolnik, N., Clouse, A., Woodward, J. (eds) Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Current Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-499-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-499-9_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-498-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-499-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation