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Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries

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Pediatric Hypertension

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

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Abstract

Hypertension is a major global chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD). One-quarter of the world’s adult population has hypertension, and this is likely to increase to 29 % by 2025. Due to epidemiologic shifts, the absolute numbers of patients affected by hypertension in low- and middle-income countries are likely to grow, as increased globalization and economic improvement lead to urbanization and longer life expectancy. Increasing longevity provides longer periods of exposure to the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in a greater probability of clinically manifest CVD events. Compounding this high burden of hypertension is a lack of awareness and insufficient treatment in those with hypertension.

The survivors of an economic transition period are more likely to present the phenotype of lower birth weight coupled with either stunting or a higher body mass index in childhood or adulthood which appears to be associated with the highest risks of morbid cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic outcomes into adulthood. The combination of population-wide and individual interventions may save millions of lives and considerably reduce human suffering from NCDs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rua das Mangabeiras 91/81, Sao Paulo, 01233-010, Brazil

    Vera H. Koch M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Instituto da Criança Hospital das Clinicas- University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 647, Sao Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil

    Vera H. Koch M.D., Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Vera H. Koch M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Washington, Division of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Sand Point Way NE. 4800, Seattle, 98105, Washington, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children at MGH, Fruit St. 55, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Provinceline Road, Princeton, 08543, New Jersey, USA

    Ronald J. Portman

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Koch, V.H. (2013). Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Portman, R. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-490-6_31

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