Skip to main content

Renal Artery Embolism and Renal Vein Thrombosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urological Emergencies

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

  • 1440 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, we explore two categories of emergencies involving the major renal vasculature: renal artery embolism and renal vein thrombosis (RVT). Although both conditions ultimately cause renal ischemia, the etiologies, presentation, treatment strategies, and prognoses of occlusion of the renal artery and vein are quite different. We review the current literature with an emphasis on the optimal evaluation and treatment of patients with renal artery embolism and RVT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Von Recklinghausen F. Haemorrhagische niereninfarktr. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol. 1861;20:205–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Rohl L. Vascular surgery in urology. Proc R Soc Med. 1971;64:589–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Domanovits H, Paulis M, Nikfardtam M, et al. Acute renal infarction. Medicine. 1999;78:386–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hoxie H, Coggin C. Renal infarction. Arch Intern Med. 1940;65:587–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Korzets Z, Plotkin E, Bernheim J, Zissin R. The clinical spectrum of acute renal infarction. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002;4:781–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ouriel K, Andrus CH, Ricotta JJ, DeWeese JA, Green RM. Acute renal artery occlusion: when is revascularization justified? J Vasc Surg. 1987;5:348–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kansal S, Feldman M, Cooksey S, Patel S. Renal artery embolism: a case report and review. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(5):644–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sclafani S, Goldstein A, Panetta T, et al. CT diagnosis of renal pedicle injury. Urol Radiol. 1985;7:63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Blum U, Billmann P, Krause T, Gabelmann A, Keller E, Moser E, et al. Effect of local low-dose thrombolysis on clinical outcome in acute embolic renal artery occlusion. Radiology. 1993;189:549–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Leary FJ, Utz DC, Wakim KG. Effects of continuous and intermittent renal ischemia on renal function. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1963;116:311–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lacombe M. Acute non-traumatic obstructions of the renal artery. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1992;33:163–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lohse JR, Botham RJ, Waters RF. Traumatic bilateral renal artery thrombosis: case report and review of the literature. J Urol. 1982;127:522–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pilmore HL, Walker RJ, Solomon C, Packer S, Wood D. Acute bilateral renal artery occlusion: successful revascularization with streptokinase. Am J Nephrol. 1995;15:90–1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Takeda M, Katayama Y, Takahashi H, et al. Transarterial fibrinolysis using tissue plasminogen activator in a patient with acute renal failure due to acute thrombosis of bilateral renal arteries. Nephron. 1994;66:240–1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wagner HJ, Meuller-Hulsbeck S, Pitton MB, Weiss W, Wess M. Rapid thrombectomy with a hydrodynamic catheter: results from a prospective, multicenter trial. Radiology. 1997;205:675–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sternbergh WC, Ramee SR, DeVun DA, Money SR. Endovascular treatment of multiple visceral artery paradoxical emboli with mechanical and pharmacological thrombolysis. J Endovasc Ther. 2000; 7:155–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Osman Y, Shokeir A, Ali-el-Dein B, et al. Vascular complications after live donor renal transplantation: study of risk factors and effects on graft and patient survival. J Urol. 2003;169:859–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Rerolle JP, Antoine C, Raynaud A, et al. Successful endoluminal thrombo-aspiration of renal graft venous thrombosis. Transpl Int. 2000;13:82–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Takahashi M, Humke U, Girnat M, Kramann B, Uder M. Early posttransplantation renal allograft perfusion failure due to dissection: diagnosis and interventional treatment. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:759–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ivanovic V, McKusick MA, Johnson III CM, et al. Renal artery stent placement: complications at a single tertiary care center. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14(2):217–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Carroll PR, McAninch JW. Renovascular trauma: risk assessment, surgical management, and outcome. J Trauma. 1990;30:547–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jawas A, Abu-Zidan FM. Management algorithm for complete blunt renal artery occlusion in multiple trauma patients: case series. Int J Surg. 2008; 6:317–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Singh O, Gupta SS, Sharma D, Lahoti BK, Mathur RK. Isolated renal artery thrombosis because of blunt trauma abdomen: report of a case with review of the literature. Urol Int. 2011;86:233–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. McAninch JW, Carroll PR. Renal trauma: kidney preservation through improved vascular control—a refined approach. J Trauma. 1982;22:285–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Haas CA, Spirnak JP. Traumatic renal artery occlusion: a review of the literature. Tech Urol. 1998; 4(1):1–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rayer P. Traite des maladies des reins et des alterations de la secretion urinaire. Paris: JB Baillere; 1999. p. 590–9.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jackson CA, Greaves M, Patterson AD, Brown CB, Preston FE. Relationship between platelet aggregation, thromboxane synthesis and albumin concentration in the nephrotic syndrome. Br J Haematol. 1982;52:69–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Brenner BM, editor. Disorders of renal arteries and veins. In: The kidney. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. p. 1584.

    Google Scholar 

  29. McCarthy LJ, Titus JL, Daugherty GW. Bilateral renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1963;58:837.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Llach F, Papper S, Massry SG. The clinical spectrum of renal vein thrombosis: acute and chronic. Am J Med. 1980;69:819–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ashgar M, Ahmed K, Shah SS, Siddique MK, Dasgupta P, Khan MS. Renal vein thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;34:217–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hodgson D, Rankin S, Jan W, Koffman G, Khan MS. Magnetic resonance imaging of living related kidney door-an analysis of 111 consecutive images. BJU Int. 2006;97:584–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Scanlon GT. Radiographic changes in renal vein thrombosis. Radiology. 1963;80:208–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Llach F, Nikakhtar B. Renal thromboembolism, atheroembolism, and renal vein thrombosis. In: Schrier RW, Gottschalk CW, editors. Diseases of the kidney, vol. 2. 6th ed. Boston: Little Brown; 1997. p. 1893–918.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Yang SH, Lee CH, Ko SF, Chen JB, Chung FR, HSU KT. The successful treatment of renal-vein thrombosis by low-molecular-weight heparin in a steroid-sensitive nephrotic patient. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:2017–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Lam KK, Lui CC. Successful treatment of acute inferior vena cava and unilateral renal vein thrombosis by local infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 32:1075–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kim HS, Fine DM, Atta MG. Catheter-directed thrombectomy and thrombolysis for acute renal vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006; 17:815–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Laville M, Aguilera P, Maillet PJ, Labeeuw M, Madonna O, Zech P. The prognosis of renal vein thrombosis: a re-evaluation of 27 cases. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1988;3:247–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zigman A, Yazbeck S, Emil S, Nguyen L. Renal vein thrombosis: a 10-year review. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35:1540–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Brandão LR, Simpson EA, Lau KK. Neonatal renal vein thrombosis. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011; 16:323–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lau K et al. Neonatal renal vein thrombosis: review of the English-language literature between 1992 and 2006. Pediatrics. 2007;170:1278–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Kuhle S, Massicotte P, Chan A, Mitchell L. A case series of 72 neonates with renal vein thrombosis: the date from 1-900-NO-CLOTS registry. Thromb Haemost. 2004;92:729–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hibbert J, Howlett DC, Greenwood KL, MacDonald LM, Saunders AJ. The ultrasound appearance of neonatal renal vein thrombosis. Br J Radiol. 1997; 70:1191–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Chalmers EA, Gibson BES. Thrombolytic therapy in the management of pediatric thromboembolic disease. Br J Haematol. 1999;104:14–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Weinschenk N, Pelidis M, Fiascone J. Combination thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy for bilateral renal vein thrombosis in a premature infant. Am J Perinatol. 2001;18:293–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher J. Kane .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Woo, J.R., Yun, E.J., Kane, C.J. (2013). Renal Artery Embolism and Renal Vein Thrombosis. In: Wessells, H. (eds) Urological Emergencies. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-423-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-423-4_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-422-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-423-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics