Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by bacterial biofilm that accumulates on the gingival margin, in which a series of aberrant inflammatory responses are initiated in periodontal tissues by a small subset of endogenous gram-negative periodontal bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia (forsythensis), and Treponema denticola Periodontitis is not a homogeneous disease, but rather intricately influenced by host susceptibility differences as well as diversities in virulence among the harbored organisms. Clonal heterogeneity of subpopulations with both high and low levels of pathogenicity likely exists among organisms harbored by individuals with negligible, slight, or even severe periodontal destruction. Therefore, specific virulent clones of periodontal pathogens may be the cause of advanced and/or aggressive periodontitis. Recent technical innovations have provided various genomic tools for profiling the whole microbial population and identification of microorganisms, as well as evaluation of the presence of virulence factors. Genotyping assays of periodontal pathogens are expected to become useful methods for periodontal examinations and diagnosis. This chapter describes currently available assay methods, including those for the most advanced microbiome analyses, which are used to elucidate disease-causing bacterial flora and genotypic variations of periodontal pathogens, as well as findings from past studies that enable the estimation of specific virulent phenotypes and genotypes related to periodontitis.
Keywords
- Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Periodontal Pathogen
- Human Microbiome Project
- Denature High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Aggressive Periodontitis
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Kuboniwa, M., Amano, A. (2013). Genotyping of Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteria in Relationship to Pathogenesis. In: de Filippis, I., McKee, M. (eds) Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_10
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