Abstract
Many clinicians need to know the treatments available for men with androgen deficiency desiring to have children. Some of these men may be on a lifetime androgen supplementation, and careful consideration must be made with the prescribed medication to allow for spermatogenesis. Certain types of hypogonadism can be treated with alternative treatment, such as testosterone supplementation. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of men with all forms of hypogonadism are explored, with an emphasis on appropriate androgen replacement that maximizes sperm production. Treatment regimens are described, so clinicians have a stepwise approach to the management of this special population.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sullivan KA, Silverman A-J. The ontogeny of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the chick. Neuroendocrinology. 1993;58:597–608.
Spratt DI, O’Dea LSL, Schoenfeld D, Butler J, Rao PN, Crowley Jr WF. Neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in men: frequent sampling of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Am J Physiol. 1998;254:E658–66.
Bilinska B, Genissel C, Carreau S. Paracrine effect of seminiferous tubule factors on rat leydig cell testosterone production: role of cytoskeleton. Biol Cell. 1997;89:435–42.
Charlton H. Hypothalamic control of anterior pituitary function: a history. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20:641–6.
Payne A, Hardy M, Russell L. The Leydig cell. Vienna, FL: Cache River Press; 1996. p. 301–4.
Payne A, Hardy M. The Leydig cell in health and disease. New York: Humana Press; 2007. p. 221–4.
Blok LJ, Mackenbach P, Trapman J, Themmen A, Brinkman AO, Grootegoed A. Follicle stimulating hormone regulates androgen receptor mRNA in Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1989;63:267–71.
Jakacki RI, Kelch RP, Sauder SE, Lloyd JS, Hopwood NJ, Marshall JC. Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1982;55:453–8.
Lieblich JM, Rogol AD, White BJ, Rosen SW. Syndrome of anosmia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—a treatable form of male infertility. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:410–5.
Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley Jr WF. The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1987;64:283–91.
Santoro N, Filicori M, Crowley Jr WF. Hypogonadotropic disorders in men and women: diagnosis and therapy with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocr Rev. 1986;7:11–23.
Schwankhaus JD, Currie J, Jaffe MJ, Rose SR, Sherins RJ. Neurologic findings in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Neurology. 1989;39:223–6.
Goldman L, Bennett JC, editors. Cecil textbook of medicine. 21st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000.
Styne DM. Puberty and its disorders in boys. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1991;20:43–69.
Baker HW. Reproductive effects of nontesticular illness. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27:831–50.
Abs R, Verhelst J, Maeyaert J. Endocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2215–22.
Van den Berghe G, de Zegher F, Lauwers P, Veldhuis JD. Luteinizing hormone secretion and hypoandrogenaemia in critically ill men: effect of dopamine. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;41:563–9.
Brawer M. Testosterone replacement in men with Andropause: an overview. Rev Urol. 2004;6 Suppl 6:S9–15.
Rosano G, Leonardo F, Pagnotta P, Pelliccia F, Panina G, Cerquetani E, et al. Acute anti-ischemic effect of testosterone in men with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1999;99:1666–70.
Rajfer J. The relationship between testosterone and erectile dysfunction. Rev Urol. 2000;2:122–8.
Burris AS, Rodbard HW, Winters SJ, Sherins RJ. Gonadotropin therapy in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: the response to human chorionic gonadotropin is predicted by initial testicular size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;66:1144.
Jarow JP, Lipshultz L. Anabolic steroid induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:429.
Snyder P, Matsumoto A, Martin K. Induction of fertility in men with secondary hypogonadism. In: Basow DS, editor. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2011.
Finkel DM, Phillips JL, Snyder PJ. Stimulation of spermatogenesis by gonadotropins in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:651.
Whitten SJ, Nangia AK, Kolettis PN. Select patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may respond to treatment with clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:1664.
Sharlip ID, Jarow JP, Belker AM, Lipshultz LI, Sigman M, Thomas AJ, et al. Best practice policies for male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:873–82.
Sorbie PJ, Perez-Marrero R. The use of clomiphene citrate in male infertility. J Urol. 1984;131:425–9.
Ribeiro RS, Abucham J. Clomiphene fails to revert hypogonadism in most male patients with conventionally treated pituitary adenomas. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011;55:266–71.
Moradi M, Moradi A, Alemi M, Ahmadnia H, Abdi H, Ahmadi A, et al. Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study. J Urol. 2010;7:188–93.
Papanikolaou EG, Camus M, Kolibianakis EM, Van Landuyt L, Van Steirteghem A, Devroey P. In vitro fertilization with single blastocyst-stage versus single cleavage-stage embryos. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1139.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kramer, A.C. (2013). Effects of Androgen Deficiency and Replacement on Male Fertility. In: Hellstrom, W. (eds) Androgen Deficiency and Testosterone Replacement. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-179-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-179-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-178-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-179-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)