Abstract
Primary cardiac tumors are rare in pediatrics, with an estimated incidence of 0.2 % in echocardiographic series. Prenatal diagnosis has been estimated in up to 40 % of cases. Due to their rarity, there are very few institutional series and most knowledge is based on collections of case reports. We discuss all most common histotypes providing pathological and clinical information. Clinical and surgical management is discussed and outcomes are provided.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fyler DC. Report of the New England regional infant cardiac program. Pediatrics. 1980;65:376–461.
Burke AP, Veinot JP, Loire R, Virmani R, Tazelaar H, Kaniya H, Araoz PA, Watanabe G. Tumours of the heart. In: Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC, editors. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004. p. 249–88.
Padalino MA, Basso C, Milanesi O, Vida VL, Svaluto Moreolo G, Thiene G, Stellin G. Surgically treated primary cardiac tumors in early infancy and childhood. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:1358–63.
Beghetti M, Gow RM, Haney I, Mawson J, Williams WG, Freedom RM. Pediatric primary benign cardiac tumors: a 15 year review. Am Heart J. 1997;134:1107–14.
Burke A, Virmani R. Tumors of the heart and great vessels. Atlas of tumor pathology, series 3, fascicle 16. Washington, DC: Armed Force Institute of Pathology; 1995.
Marx GA, Moran AM. Cardiac tumors. In: Allen HD, Adams FH, Moss AJ, editors. Moss & Adams’s heart disease in infants, children and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 1432–45.
Basso C, Valente M, Poletti A, Casarotto D, Thiene G. Surgical pathology of primary cardiac and pericardial tumors. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997;12:730–8.
Bortolotti U, Maraglino G, Rubino M, Santini F, Milano A, Fasoli G, Livi U, Thiene G, Gallucci V. Surgical excision of intracardiac myxomas: a 20 year follow up. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990;49:449–53.
Freedom RM, Lee KJ, MacDonald C, Taylor G. Selected aspects of cardiac tumors in infancy and childhood. Pediatr Cardiol. 2000;21:299–316.
Jacobs JP, Anastasios KK, Holland FW, Hershowitz K, Ferrer PL, Perryman RA. Surgical treatment for cardiac rhabdomyomas in children. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58:1552–5.
Becker AE. Primary heart tumors in the pediatric age group: a review of salient pathologic features relevant for clinicians. Pediatric Cardiol. 2000;21:317–23.
Bini RM, Westaby S, Bargeron Jr LM, Pacifico AD, Kirklin RW. Investigation and management of primary cardiac tumors in infants and children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;2:351–7.
Sallee D, Spector ML, van Heeckeren DW, Patel CR. Primary pediatric cardiac tumors: 17 year experience. Cardiol Young. 1999;9:155–62.
Chan HSL, Sonley MJ, Moes F, Daneman A, Smith CR, Martin DJ. Primary and secondary tumors of childhood involving the heart, pericardium and great vessels. Cancer. 1985;56:825–36.
Padalino MA, Vida VL, Boccuzzo G, Tonello M, Sarris GE, Berggren H, Comas JV, Di Carlo D, Di Donato RM, Ebels T, Hraska V, Jacobs JP, Gaynor JW, Metras D, Pretre R, Pozzi M, Rubay J, Sairanen H, Schreiber C, Maruszewski B, Basso C, Stellin G. Surgery for primary cardiac tumors in children: early and late results in a multicenter European congenital heart surgeons association study. Circulation. 2012;126:22–30.
Deeg KH, Voigt HJ, Hofbeck M, Singer H, Kraus J. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas. Pediatr Radiol. 1990;20:291–2.
Fischer DR, Beerman LB, Park SC, Bahnson HAT, Fricker FJ, Mathews RA. Diagnosis of intracardiac rhabdomyoma by two dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:978–97.
Roberts WC. Primary and secondary neoplasms of the heart. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:671–82.
Shaher RM, Mintzer J, Farina M, Alley R, Bishop M. Clinical presentation of rhabdomyoma of the heart in infancy and childhood. Am J Cardiol. 1972;30:95–103.
Abdel-Rahman U, Ozaslan F, Esmaeili A, Moritz A. A giant rhabdomyoma with left ventricular inflow occlusion and univentricular physiology. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;53:259–60.
Friedberg M, Silverman NH. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in an infant. Heart. 2005;91:748.
De Dominicis E, Frigiola A, Thiene G, Menicanti L, Bozzola L, Finocchi G. Subaortic stenosis by solitary rhabdomyoma. Successful excision in an infant following 2D echocardiogram and Doppler diagnosis. Chest. 1989;95:470–2.
Bosi G, Lintermans JP, Pellegrino PA, Svaluto Moreolo G, Vliers A. The natural history of cardiac rhabdomyoma with and without tuberous sclerosis. Acta Pediatr. 1996;85:928–31.
Povey S, Burley MW, Attwood J, Benham F, Hunt D, Jeremiah SJ, Franklin D, Gillett G, Malas S, Robson EB. Two loci for tuberous sclerosis: one on 9q34 and one on 16p13. Ann Hum Genet. 1994;58:107–27.
van Slegtenhorst M, de Hoogt R, Hermans C, Nellist M, Janssen B, Verhoef S, Lindhout D, van den Ouweland A, Halley D, Young J, Burley M, Jeremiah S, Woodward K, Nahmias J, Fox M, Ekong R, Osborne J, Wolfe J, Povey S, Snell RG, Cheadle JP, Jones AC, Tachataki M, Ravine D, Sampson JR, Reeve MP, Richardson P, Wilmer F, Munro C, Hawkins TL, Sepp T, Ali JB, Ward S, Green AJ, Yates JR, Kwiatkowska J, Henske EP, Short MP, Haines JH, Jozwiak S, Kwiatkowski DJ. Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34. Science. 1997;277:805–8.
Takach TJ, Reul GI, Ott DA, Cooley DA. Primary cardiac tumors in infants and children: immediate and long term operative results. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;62:559–64.
Valente M, Cocco P, Thiene G, Casula R, Poletti A, Milanesi O, Fasoli G, Livi U. Cardiac fibroma and heart transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993;106:1208–12.
Padalino MA, Basso C, Thiene G, Stellin G. Giant right ventricular fibroma in an infant. Circulation. 2002;106:386.
Takahashi K, Imamura Y, Ochi T, Hamanda M, Ito T, Hiwada K, Kokubu T. Echocardiographic demonstration of an asymptomatic patient with left ventricular fibroma. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:981–2.
Filiatrault M, Beland MJ, Neilson KA, Paquet M. Cardiac fibroma presenting with clinically significant arrhythmias in infancy. Pediatr Cardiol. 1991;12:118–20.
Vaughan CJ, Veugelers M, Basson CT. Tumors and the heart: molecular genetic advances. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2001;16:195–200.
Beghetti M, Haney I, Williams WG, Mawson J, Freedom RM, Gow RM. Massive right ventricular fibroma treated with partial resection and a cavopulmonary shunt. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;62:882–4.
Padalino MA, Basso C, Svaluto Moreolo G, Thiene G, Stellin G. Left atrial myxoma in a child. Case report and review of literature. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2003;12:233–6.
Carney JA, Gordon H, Carpenter PC, Shenoy BV, Go VL. The complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Medicine. 1985;64:270–83.
Carney JA, Hruska LS, Beauchamp GD, Gordon H. Dominant inheritance of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Mayo Clin Proc. 1986;61:165–72.
Cilliers AM, van Unen H, Lala S, Vanderdonck KH, Hartman E. Massive biatrial myxomas in a child. Pediatr Cardiol. 1999;20:150–1.
Kanda T, Umeyama S, Sasaki A, Nakazato Y, Morishita Y, Imai S, Suzuki T, Murata K. Interleukin-6 and cardiac myxoma. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:965–7.
Sumner TE, Crowe JE, Klein A, McKone RC, Weaver RL. Intrapericardial teratoma in infancy. Pediatr Radiol. 1980;10:51–3.
Agozzino L, Vosa C, Arciprete P, de Leva F, Cotrufo M. Intrapericardial teratoma in the newborn. Int J Cardiol. 1984;5:21–8.
Benatar A, Vaughan J, Nicolini U, Corrin B, Licoln C. Prenatal pericardiocentesis: its role in the management of intrapericardial teratoma. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79:856–9.
Cyr DR, Guntheroth WG, Nyberg DA, Smith JR, Nudelman SR, Ek M. Prenatal diagnosis of an intrapericardial teratoma. A cause for non immune hydrops. J Ultrasound Med. 1988;7:87–90.
Farooki ZQ, Arciniegas E, Hakimi M, Clapp S, Jackson W, Green EW. Real time echocardiographic features of intrapericardial teratoma. J Clin Ultrasound. 1982;10:125–8.
Banfield F, Dick II M, Behrendt DM, Rosenthal A, Pescheria A, Scott W. Intrapericardial teratoma: a new and treatable cause of hydrops fetalis. Am J Dis Child. 1980;134:1174–5.
Paw PT, Jamieson SW. Surgical management of intrapericardial teratoma diagnosed in utero. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:552–4.
Tabry IF, Nassar VH, Rizk G, Touma A, Dagher IK. Cavernous hemangioma of the heart: case report and review of literature. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;69:415–20.
Grenadier E, Margulis T, Palant A, Safadi T, Merin G. Huge cavernous hemangioma of the heart: a completely evaluated case report and review of the literature. Am Heart J. 1989;117:479–81.
Rossi L, Piffer R, Turolla E, Frigerio B, Coumel P, James TN. Multifocal Purkinje-like tumor of the heart. Occurrence with other anatomic abnormalities in the atrioventricular junction of an infant with junctional tachycardia, Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome, and sudden death. Chest. 1985;87:340–5.
Ferrans VJ, McAllister Jr HA, Haese WH. Infantile cardiomyopathy with histiocytoid change in cardiac muscle cells. Report of six patients. Circulation. 1976;53:708–19.
Garson A, Smith RT, Moak JP, Kearney DL, Hawkins EP, Titus JL, Cooley DA, Ott DA. Incessant ventricular tachycardia in infants: myocardial hamartomas and surgical cure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;10:619–26.
Rose AG, McCormick S, Cooper K, Titus JL. Inflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) of the heart. Report of two cases and literature review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1996;120:549–54.
Burke A, Virmani R. Pediatric heart tumors. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2008;17:193–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Padalino, M.A., Basso, C., Milanesi, O., Thiene, G., Stellin, G. (2013). Primary Cardiac Tumors in the Pediatric Age. In: Basso, C., Valente, M., Thiene, G. (eds) Cardiac Tumor Pathology. Current Clinical Pathology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-143-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-143-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-142-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-143-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)