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From Oocytes and Pluripotent Stem Cells to Fully Differentiated Fates: (Also) a Mitochondrial Odyssey

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Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondria, Disease and Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

In the pluripotent cellular state, characteristic of preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), metabolic activity in general, and mitochondrial function in particular, seems to be subdued; increasing upon differentiation, possibly to avoid oxidative stress-mediated damage. A crucial but overlooked aspect of development is related to how mitochondrial differentiation follows somatic differentiation in terms of producing specific cell fates with very distinct metabolic profiles and energy requirements, notably in two of the most sought after cell fates in the field of regenerative medicine, the neuronal and muscular lineages. Finally, recent evidence suggests that, although induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells obtained from somatic cells show hallmarks of pluripotency from a mitochondrial standpoint, these characteristics are not as pronounced as those shown by ESCs. Thus, incomplete reprograming might also be reflected in terms of iPS mitochondrial status, with possible implications for the derivation of patient-specific cells.

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Acknowledgments

All Ramalho-Santos Lab members, both past and current, are gratefully thanked for input and discussions, especially Ana Paula Sousa, Sandra Varum, Sandro Pereira, Alexandra Amaral, Sandra Amaral, and Paula Mota. Paula I. Moreira (University of Coimbra) is especially thanked for suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript. Paulo Oliveira, António Moreno, Sancha Santos, Rui de Carvalho (University of Coimbra), Gerald Schatten (University of Pittsburgh, USA), Christopher Navara (University of Texas-San Antonio, USA), Stefan Schlatt (University of Muenster, Germany) are thanked for insights. Ana Sofia Rodrigues is enrolled in the PhD Program in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology (PDBEB) at the University of Coimbra, and was supported by a fellowship from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal).Work in our lab was supported by grants from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal (PTDC/EBB-EBI/101114/2008; PTDC/EBB-EBI/120634/2010; PTDC/QUI-BIQ/120652/2010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Ramalho-Santos

  2. CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Ramalho-Santos & Ana Sofia Rodrigues

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  1. João Ramalho-Santos
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  2. Ana Sofia Rodrigues
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Correspondence to João Ramalho-Santos .

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  1. , Center for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Wright Street 27-31, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia

    Justin C. St. John

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Ramalho-Santos, J., Rodrigues, A.S. (2013). From Oocytes and Pluripotent Stem Cells to Fully Differentiated Fates: (Also) a Mitochondrial Odyssey. In: St. John, J. (eds) Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondria, Disease and Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-101-1_4

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