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Gastric Ghrelin in the Regulation of Appetite and Metabolism

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Ghrelin in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 10))

Abstract

Since its isolation 11 years ago, several groups have focused on elucidating the physiological actions of ghrelin. After its first action was described, namely, the regulation of GH secretion, ghrelin has been found to play additional roles in the regulation of energy balance. In addition to the initial measures of circulating ghrelin levels, the possibility of studying direct secretion of ghrelin from the stomach eliminating interferences with other organs uncovered an autonomous gastric mechanism regulating its own ghrelin secretion in order to adapt the organism to the different energetic requirement in each stage of life. This mechanism is sensitive to age-related changes, different hormonal factors, variations in nutritional status, and composition of the diet. Thus, ghrelin secreted from the stomach can contribute to the maintenance of energy homeostasis at different levels: at central level in order to regulate food intake, on adipose tissue, liver and muscle in order to affect adiposity and glucose metabolism, and finally it can act in a paracrine fashion in the stomach to interact with other gastrointestinal hormones regulating gastric emptying, motility, and finally energy balance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Luisa María Seoane Ph.D.

  2. Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Ana Belen Crujeiras M.D.

  3. Department of Medicine, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Omar Al-Massadi M.D.

  4. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Choupana sn, Santiago de Compostela, 15780, Spain

    Felipe F. Casanueva M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Luisa María Seoane Ph.D.
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  2. Ana Belen Crujeiras M.D.
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  3. Omar Al-Massadi M.D.
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Correspondence to Felipe F. Casanueva M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. , Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Scripps Way 3B3 130, Jupiter, 33458, Florida, USA

    Roy G. Smith

  2. , Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Ray C Hunt Drive 450, Charlottesville, 22908, Virginia, USA

    Michael O. Thorner

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Seoane, L.M., Crujeiras, A.B., Al-Massadi, O., Casanueva, F.F. (2012). Gastric Ghrelin in the Regulation of Appetite and Metabolism. In: Smith, R., Thorner, M. (eds) Ghrelin in Health and Disease. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 10. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-903-7_4

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