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Mechanotransduction in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Ischemia

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Translational Cardiology

Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

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Abstract

Mechanotransduction is the process by which load-bearing cells sense physical forces, transduce the forces into biochemical signals, and generate adaptive or maladaptive responses that lead to alterations in cell structure and function. Mechanotransduction in the heart not only affects the beat-to-beat regulation of cardiac performance, but also profoundly affects the growth, differentiation, and survival of the cellular components that comprise the human myocardium. Understanding the molecular basis for mechanotransduction is, therefore, important to our overall understanding of growth regulation and function during cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia. Cardiomyocytes rely on several intracellular components to sense mechanical load, and convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical events that affect cellular structure and function. These sensors include protein components within the myofilaments and Z-discs, integrins and other membrane-associated proteins that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, and stretch-activated ion channels. A complex signaling web then transmits signals from mechanosensors to the nucleus and other organelles. Ultimately, it is hoped that new pharmacological and molecular genetic approaches targeted to specific components of the mechanotransduction machinery will be developed to translate this wealth of basic knowledge into therapeutic strategies designed to reduce cardiac hypertrophy, further protect the ischemic myocardium, and prevent its transition to heart failure.

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Acknowledgments

Mr. Chu and Dr. Samarel are supported by NIH 2PO1 HL062426, and Dr. Koshman is supported by NIH 1F32 HL096143. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA

    Miensheng Chu

  2. Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA

    Yevgeniya E. Koshman

  3. Department of Medicine and Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, The Cardiovascular Institute, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA

    Allen M. Samarel

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  1. Miensheng Chu
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  2. Yevgeniya E. Koshman
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  3. Allen M. Samarel
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Correspondence to Allen M. Samarel .

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  1. , The University of North Carolina, McAllister Heart Institute, 6022 - Burnett Womack Building, Chapel Hill, 27599-7075, North Carolina, USA

    Cam Patterson

  2. , The University of North Carolina, McAllister Heart Institute, 103 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, 27599-7525, USA

    Monte S. Willis

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Chu, M., Koshman, Y.E., Samarel, A.M. (2012). Mechanotransduction in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Ischemia. In: Patterson, C., Willis, M. (eds) Translational Cardiology. Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-891-7_6

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