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Childhood Acute Leukemia

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Immunotoxicity, Immune Dysfunction, and Chronic Disease

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

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Abstract

Acute leukemia is the most common cancer in children but without definable causes in the majority of cases. Most cases are pre-B cell in origin, and this immunophenotype has increased in incidence over the past several decades in the Western world. Variable epidemiologic associations have been discovered between chemical exposures and childhood leukemia including parental smoking, pesticides, traffic fumes, and diet. However, much of the increase in leukemia rates is likely linked to changing patterns of infection during early childhood development. New evidence suggests that children who contract leukemia may harbor a congenital defect in immune responder status, as indicated by lower levels of constitutive neonatal IL-10 levels at birth. Medical record studies also demonstrate that childhood ALL patients received clinical care for infections within the first year of life despite having lower levels of exposure to infections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, HD274, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA

    Joseph Wiemels

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  1. Joseph Wiemels
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Correspondence to Joseph Wiemels .

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  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA

    Rodney R. Dietert

  2. National Health and Environmental Effects, Research Laboratories, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 27711, USA

    Robert W. Luebke

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Wiemels, J. (2012). Childhood Acute Leukemia. In: Dietert, R., Luebke, R. (eds) Immunotoxicity, Immune Dysfunction, and Chronic Disease. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-812-2_16

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