Abstract
Valvular heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current options for surgical heart valve replacement are associated with several major disadvantages as clinically available valve prostheses represent nonviable structures and lack the potential to grow, repair, and remodel. Heart valve tissue engineering represents a promising scientific concept to overcome these limitations, aiming at the fabrication of living autologous heart valves with a thromboresistant surface and a viable interstitium with repair and remodeling capabilities. Following the in vitro tissue engineering concept, autologous cells are harvested and seeded onto three-dimensional matrices followed by biomimetic conditioning enabling the development of neo-heart valve tissue. Here, we review the concept of both in vitro and in vivo heart valve tissue engineering, focusing in particular on different synthetic scaffold materials and available cell sources for the fabrication of living autologous heart valve substitutes.
Keywords
- Heart valves
- Tissue engineering
- Scaffolds
- Polymeric starter matrices
- Aliphatic polyesters
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates
- Heart valve bioreactors
- Synthetic scaffolds
- Bone-marrow-derived cells
- Endothelial progenitor cells
- Umbilical-cord-derived cells
- Chorionic-villi-derived cells
- Amniotic-fluid-derived cells
- Pluripotent stem cells
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Abbreviations
- α-SMA:
-
α-Smooth muscle actin
- BMSC:
-
Bone-marrow-derived stem cell
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- EPC:
-
Endothelial progenitor cell
- MSC:
-
Marrow stromal cell
- P4HB:
-
Poly(4-hydroxybutyrate)
- PGA:
-
Polyglycolic acid
- PHA:
-
Polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WMF:
-
Myofibroblast derived from Wharton’s jelly
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Weber, B., Hoerstrup, S.P. (2011). Regenerating Heart Valves. In: Cohen, I., Gaudette, G. (eds) Regenerating the Heart. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-021-8_22
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