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Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in the Spotlight: The Satellite Cell

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Regenerating the Heart

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

The formation of striated muscle during embryogenesis involves morphogenetic programs that orchestrate the development of the functional units of skeletal muscle – the myofibers. These multinucleated syncytia share with cardiomyocytes some structural and contractile characteristics that commonly define skeletal and cardiac muscles as sarcomeric muscles. However, distinctive to adult skeletal muscle is its repair capacity that is contributed by satellite cells. These cells are specified during development for response to muscle trauma in the adult. Satellite cells are myogenic progenitors that reside on the surface of skeletal muscle myofibers beneath the basal lamina and provide a supply of myoblasts that readily contribute to muscle regeneration. Activated satellite cells give rise to myoblast progeny that fuse into new myofibers or with damaged myofibers. This differentiation process of satellite cell progeny integrates temporal gene expression with cell cycle control. Furthermore, satellite cells also may self-renew, which qualifies their identity as muscle stem cells. Similarities in the structure of the contractile units of skeletal and cardiac muscle have led cardiologists to consider novel approaches toward the use of skeletal muscle stem cells for improving cardiac regeneration. In this chapter, we discuss the basic biology of satellite cells and introduce in brief the hopes and obstacles for repairing muscle deterioration with donor satellite cells.

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Acknowledgements

Current research in the Z.Y.-R. laboratory is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AG021566, AG013798, AG035377, AR057794) and the Muscular Dystrophy Association (award 135908). K.D. was supported by the Genetic Approaches to Aging Training Program (T32 AG000057) during his postdoctoral research in this laboratory. Z.Y.-R. is additionally grateful to the American Heart Association and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service for past support that facilitated some of the research described in this chapter.

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  1. Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA

    Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni

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  1. Health Sciences Center, Dept. Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-8661, New York, USA

    Ira S. Cohen

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    Glenn R. Gaudette

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Yablonka-Reuveni, Z., Day, K. (2011). Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in the Spotlight: The Satellite Cell. In: Cohen, I., Gaudette, G. (eds) Regenerating the Heart. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-021-8_11

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