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Adult Stem Cells pp 3–33Cite as

Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Adult Stem Cell Self-Renewal

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Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Stem cells have defining properties that are suited for tissue homeostasis and repair, but a central issue is how these cells generate mature cell types without exhausting their capacity for self-renewal. This chapter focuses on the central nervous system (CNS) to exemplify the regulation of adult stem cell self-renewal in the service of organ function. Topics will include conventional and novel methods used to distinguish stem cells from other proliferating cell types and the pitfalls in attempting to precisely characterize stem cell function. These methods reveal that stem cells interpret multiple signals to control the balance of self-renewal and quiescence. Among the emerging themes is that stem cell self-renewal is dynamically regulated throughout life, is integrally connected with lineage specification, and reflects a conservation of many intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms from fetal development.

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Abbreviations

AraC:

Cytosine arabinoside

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic proteins

BrdU:

5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FGF2:

Fibroblast growth factor 2

Fox:

Forkhead winged helix family proteins

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

IPC:

Intermediate progenitor cell

NB:

Neuroblast

NSC:

Neural stem cell

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

SGZ:

Subgranular zone

Shh:

Sonic hedgehog

Wnt:

Wingless/Int homolog proteins

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  1. Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9641, USA

    David M. Panchision

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Correspondence to David M. Panchision .

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  1. , Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, 33458, Florida, USA

    Donald G. Phinney

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Panchision, D.M. (2011). Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Adult Stem Cell Self-Renewal. In: Phinney, D. (eds) Adult Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-002-7_1

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