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Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress

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Studies on Renal Disorders

Abstract

Biological effects of uric acid, generated in the human body either from food or resulting from the purine degradation pathway via xanthine oxidoreductase, are extremely pleiotropic. They are paradoxically opposing under different experimental conditions. Some of these effects are beneficial and some of them are deleterious. The key feature of uric acid is the ability to be either an antioxidant or pro-oxidant depending on a variety of factors. The complexity of the urate chemistry, including its ability to quench or form various radicals, is a crucial component of the mechanisms underlying the ability of uric acid to induce opposing biological effects. In addition, uric acid is a powerful signaling molecule that can affect intracellular signal transduction, leading to oxidant production via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and expression of proinflammatory mediators. Beneficial antioxidant effects are manifested in the protection of endothelial cells from external oxidative stress and protection of the central nervous system from oxidative damage in several conditions. Detrimental pro-oxidative effects of uric acid are associated with the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular and renal diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Boulder, CO, 80045, USA

    Richard Johnson

Authors
  1. Yuri Y. Sautin
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  2. Witcha Imaram
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  3. Kyung Mee Kim
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  4. Alexander Angerhofer
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  5. George Henderson
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  6. Richard Johnson
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Correspondence to Richard Johnson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and Thera, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan

    Toshio Miyata

  2. Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, Erlangen, 91054, Germany

    Kai-Uwe Eckardt

  3. Graduate School of Medicine &, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Masaomi Nangaku

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Sautin, Y.Y., Imaram, W., Kim, K.M., Angerhofer, A., Henderson, G., Johnson, R. (2011). Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress. In: Miyata, T., Eckardt, KU., Nangaku, M. (eds) Studies on Renal Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-857-7_8

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