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Metabolic and Hormonal Regulation During Sleep

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Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

Abstract

Sleep plays a major role in the regulation of metabolic and endocrine functions. Reproducible changes in the release of pituitary hormones and pituitary-dependent hormones occur during sleep and reflect the interactions between the three sleep regulatory processes, namely the homeostatic, circadian, and ultradian processes. The prevalence of sleep curtailment, obesity, and metabolism-related pathologies is increasing worldwide. Experimental evidence supports an association between sleep shortening and chronic metabolic changes that can lead to obesity and diabetes. Brain circuits regulating both sleep and metabolism may underlie these associations. Sleep curtailment is also suggested to be a chronic stressor that may contribute to increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases, possibly in part through HPA axis dysregulation. The hypothalamic excitatory neuropeptides, hypocretin/orexin, have potent wake-promoting effects and act to stimulate food intake. These peptides are involved in the interactions between sleep–wake regulation and the neuroendocrine control of appetite. Western lifestyle has major impact on sleep, eating, and activity periods. Growing evidence suggests that this lifestyle, which is accompanied by disrupted biological rhythms, might affect metabolism leading to metabolic morbidities such as obesity and diabetes.

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  1. Sleep Disorder Center, Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weitzman Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel

    Riva Tauman MD

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  1. Section of Sleep Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, S. Maryland Ave. 5721, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    Leila Kheirandish-Gozal

  2. Pritzker School of Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, S. Maryland Ave. 5721, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    David Gozal

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Tauman, R. (2012). Metabolic and Hormonal Regulation During Sleep. In: Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Gozal, D. (eds) Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-725-9_9

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