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Pediatric Neurogastroenterology pp 23–35Cite as

Development of Gut Motility

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Part of the book series: Clinical Gastroenterology ((CG))

Abstract

Coordinated movements of the gastrointestinal tract are regulated by multiple mechanisms including intrinsic and extrinsic neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and myogenic mechanisms. Studies using laboratory animals have shown that although enteric neurons develop early, the first gastrointestinal motility patterns are myogenic, and not neurally mediated. However, neurally mediated contractile activity is prominent by birth, and is essential for propulsive activity as shown by the bowel obstruction that occurs proximal to the aganglionic region in infants with Hirschsprung’s disease. The development of ICC requires signaling via the tyrosine kinase receptor, Kit. Genetic alterations of Kit, and reduced ICC density, have recently been linked to a severe case of idiopathic constipation and megacolon in a child. Studies in preterm and term humans have shown that esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function mature during the late fetal and early postnatal stages. Little is known about the development of motility in the small and large bowel of human infants.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In the field of gastrointestinal motility, the term “myogenic” has been used to describe contractile activity generated by ICC as well as muscle cells, but here we use the term myogenic to refer to contractions specifically originating from the muscle cells themselves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Heather M. Young Ph.D.

  2. Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Elizabeth A. Beckett Ph.D.

  3. Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Joel C. Bornstein Ph.D.

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health; Section of Neonatology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Sudarshan R. Jadcherla M.D., F.R.C.P.I., D.C.H., A.G.A.F.

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  1. Heather M. Young Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Heather M. Young Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sainte-Justine Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada

    Christophe Faure

  2. Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43205, Ohio, USA

    Carlo Di Lorenzo

  3. Gastroenterology and Neural Development, University College London, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom

    Nikhil Thapar

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Young, H.M., Beckett, E.A., Bornstein, J.C., Jadcherla, S.R. (2013). Development of Gut Motility. In: Faure, C., Di Lorenzo, C., Thapar, N. (eds) Pediatric Neurogastroenterology. Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-709-9_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-709-9_3

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