Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neoplastic Hematopathology

Part of the book series: Contemporary Hematology ((CH))

  • 2174 Accesses

Abstract/Scope of Chapter

The presenting features and clinical workup of both classical and lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma are discussed. The move away from the use of extended field radiotherapy and the advantages and disadvantages of ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) compared to other therapies are discussed. The response criteria used in the evaluation of treatment effects are summarized as are prognostic factors that may be broadly useful in patients with advanced stage disease. Finally, the therapy for relapsed disease is covered with a discussion on the role of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Diehl V. Hodgkin’s disease - from pathology specimen to cure. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1968-71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hoppe RT, Advani RH, Ambinder RF, et al. Hodgkin disease/lymphoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2008;6:594-622.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Diehl V, Harris NL, Mauch PM. Hodgkin’s disease. In: Devita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer. Principles and practice in oncology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  4. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3835-49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jaffe ES, Harris N, Stein H. Tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:71-96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bernard SM, Cartwright RA, Darwin CM, et al. Hodgkin’s disease: case control epidemiological study in Yorkshire. Br J Cancer 1987;55:85-90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Glaser SL, Jarrett RF. The epidemiology of Hodgkin’s disease. Baillieres Clin Haematol 1996;9:401-16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lynch HT, Marcus JN, Lynch JF. Genetics of Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a review. Cancer Invest 1992;10:247-56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mack TM, Cozen W, Shibata DK, et al. Concordance for Hodgkin’s disease in identical twins suggesting genetic susceptibility to the young-adult form of the disease. N Engl J Med 1995;332:413-8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Andrieu JM, Roithmann S, Tourani JM, et al. Hodgkin’s disease during HIV1 infection: the French registry experience. French Registry of HIV-associated Tumors. Ann Oncol 1993;4:635-41

    Google Scholar 

  12. Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, La Vecchia C. Advances in the epidemiology of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other lymphoid neoplasms. Int J Cancer 1999;83:481-5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lowenthal DA, Straus DJ, Campbell SW, Gold JW, Clarkson BD, Koziner B. AIDS-related lymphoid neoplasia. The Memorial Hospital experience. Cancer 1988;61:2325-37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tirelli U, Errante D, Dolcetti R, et al. Hodgkin’s disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: clinicopathologic and virologic features of 114 patients from the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:1758-67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tirelli U, Vaccher E, Rezza G, et al. Hodgkin disease and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Italy. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:309-10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Caraway NP. Strategies to diagnose lymphoproliferative disorders by fine-needle aspiration by using ancillary studies. Cancer 2005;105:432-42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hehn ST, Grogan TM, Miller TP. Utility of fine-needle aspiration as a diagnostic technique in lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3046-52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Meda BA, Buss DH, Woodruff RD, et al. Diagnosis and subclassification of primary and recurrent lymphoma. The usefulness and limitations of combined fine-needle aspiration cytomorphology and flow cytometry. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:688-99.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ansell SM, Armitage JO. Management of Hodgkin lymphoma. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:419-26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M. Report of the Committee on Hodgkin’s Disease Staging Classification. Cancer Res 1971;31:1860-1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lister TA, Crowther D, Sutcliffe SB, et al. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodgkin’s disease: Cotswolds meeting. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:1630-6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Fanale MA, Younes A. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2008;142:367-81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lieberz D, Sextro M, Paulus U, Franklin J, Tesch H, Diehl V. How to restrict liver biopsy to high-risk patients in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease. German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Hematol 2000;79:73-8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Carde P, Hagenbeek A, Hayat M, et al. Clinical staging versus laparotomy and combined modality with MOPP versus ABVD in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease: the H6 twin randomized trials from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:2258-72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Isasi CR, Lu P, Blaufox MD. A metaanalysis of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the staging and restaging of patients with lymphoma. Cancer 2005;104:1066-74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Seam P, Juweid ME, Cheson BD. The role of FDG-PET scans in patients with lymphoma. Blood 2007;110:3507-16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Juweid ME. Utility of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in managing patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006;259-65:510-1.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Fuchs M, Diehl V, Re D. Current strategies and new approaches in the treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Pathobiology 2006;73:126-40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ferme C, Eghbali H, Meerwaldt JH, et al. Chemotherapy plus involved-field radiation in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1916-27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Oki Y, Pro B, Fayad LE, et al. Phase 2 study of gemcitabine in combination with rituximab in patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2008;112:831-6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Carde P, Burgers JM, Henry-Amar M, et al. Clinical stages I and II Hodgkin’s disease: a specifically tailored therapy according to prognostic factors. J Clin Oncol 1988;6:239-52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Loeffler M, Pfreundschuh M, Ruhl U, et al. Risk factor adapted treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma: strategies and perspectives. Recent Results Cancer Res 1989;117:142-62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mauch P, Tarbell N, Weinstein H, et al. Stage IA and IIA supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin’s disease: prognostic factors in surgically staged patients treated with mantle and paraaortic irradiation. J Clin Oncol 1988;6:1576-83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tubiana M, Henry-Amar M, Carde P, et al. Toward comprehensive management tailored to prognostic factors of patients with clinical stages I and II in Hodgkin’s disease. The EORTC Lymphoma Group controlled clinical trials: 1964-1987. Blood 1989;73:47-56.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Noordijk EM, Carde P, Dupouy N, et al. Combined-modality therapy for clinical stage I or II Hodgkin’s lymphoma: long-term results of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer H7 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3128-35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Evens AM, Hutchings M, Diehl V. Treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma: the past, present, and future. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:543-56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Meyer RM, Gospodarowicz MK, Connors JM, et al. Randomized comparison of ABVD chemotherapy with a strategy that includes radiation therapy in patients with limited-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4634-42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Horwich A, Specht L, Ashley S. Survival analysis of patients with clinical stages I or II Hodgkin’s disease who have relapsed after initial treatment with radiotherapy alone. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:848-53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ekstrand BC, Horning SJ. Hodgkin’s disease. Blood Rev 2002;16:111-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dubray B, Henry-Amar M, Meerwaldt JH, et al. Radiation-induced lung damage after thoracic irradiation for Hodgkin’s disease: the role of fractionation. Radiother Oncol 1995;36:211-7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hancock SL, Tucker MA, Hoppe RT. Factors affecting late mortality from heart disease after treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. JAMA 1993;270:1949-55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bhatia S, Yasui Y, Robison LL, et al. High risk of subsequent neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin’s disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4386-94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ng AK, Bernardo MV, Weller E, et al. Second malignancy after Hodgkin disease treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy: long-term risks and risk factors. Blood 2002;100:1989-96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. van Leeuwen FE, Klokman WJ, Stovall M, et al. Roles of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and hormonal factors in breast cancer following Hodgkin’s disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:971-80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Gospodarowicz MK, Meyer RM. The management of patients with limited-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006:253-8.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bonadonna G, Bonfante V, Viviani S, Di Russo A, Villani F, Valagussa P. ABVD plus subtotal nodal versus involved-field radiotherapy in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2835-41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Engert A, Franklin J, Eich HT, et al. Two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine plus extended-field radiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in early favorable Hodgkin’s lymphoma: final results of the GHSG HD7 trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3495-502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Engert A, Schiller P, Josting A, et al. Involved-field radiotherapy is equally effective and less toxic compared with extended-field radiotherapy after four cycles of chemotherapy in patients with early-stage unfavorable Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of the HD8 trial of the German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3601-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ferme C, Eghbali H, Hagenbeek A, et al. MOPP/ABV hybrid and irradiation in unfavorable supradiaphragmatic clinical stages I-II Hodgkin’s disease: comparison of three treatment modalities. Preliminary results of the EORTC-GELA H8-U randomized trial in 995 patients (abstract). Blood 2000;96:A576

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hagenbeek A, Eghbali H, Fermé C, et al. Three cycles of MOPP/ABV hybrid and involved-field irradiation is more effective than subtotal nodal irradiation in favorable supra-diaphragmatic clinical stages I-II Hodgkin’s disease: preliminary results of the EORTC-GELA H8-F randomized trial in 543 patients. Blood 2000;96:575a.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Press OW, LeBlanc M, Lichter AS, et al. Phase III randomized intergroup trial of subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and subtotal lymphoid irradiation for stage IA to IIA Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:4238-44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Specht L, Gray RG, Clarke MJ, Peto R. Influence of more extensive radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on long-term outcome of early-stage Hodgkin’s disease: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials involving 3,888 patients. International Hodgkin’s Disease Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:830-43.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Diehl V, Engert A, Mueller RP, et al. HD10: investigating reduction of combined modality treatment intensity in early stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Interim analysis of a randomized trial of the German Hodgkin Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:561S.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Noordijk EM, Thomas J, Fermé C, et al. First results of the EORTC-GELA H9 randomized trials: the H9-F trial (comparing 3 radiation dose levels) and H9-U trial (comparing 3 chemotherapy schemes) in patients with favorable or unfavorable early stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:561S.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Yahalom J. Favorable early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2006;4:233-40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Horning SJ, Hoppe R, Advani RH, et al. A prospective trial of involved field radiation (IFRT) + chemotherapy compared to extended field (EFRT) radiation for favorable Hodgkin disease: survival differences and implications of mature follow-up for current combined modality therapy. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:Abstract no. 8014.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Santoro A, Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, et al. Long-term results of combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy approach in Hodgkin’s disease: superiority of ABVD plus radiotherapy versus MOPP plus radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1987;5:27-37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Aversa SM, Salvagno L, Soraru M, et al. Stanford V regimen plus consolidative radiotherapy is an effective therapeutic program for bulky or advanced-stage Hodgkin’s disease. Acta Haematol 2004;112:141-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Edwards-Bennett SM, Moskowitz C, Jacobs J, et al. A non-Stanford mature experience with Stanford V +- RT regimen for locally extensive and advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007:S18-9.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Horning SJ, Hoppe RT, Breslin S, Bartlett NL, Brown BW, Rosenberg SA. Stanford V and radiotherapy for locally extensive and advanced Hodgkin’s disease: mature results of a prospective clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:630-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Horning SJ, Rosenberg SA, Hoppe RT. Brief chemotherapy (Stanford V) and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advanced Hodgkin’s disease: an update. Ann Oncol 1996;7(Suppl 4):105-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Horning SJ, Hoppe R, Advani RH, et al. Efficacy and late effects of Stanford V chemotherapy and radiotherapy in untreated Hodgkin’s disease: mature data in early and advanced stage patients [abstract]. Blood 2004:Abstract no. 308.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Diehl V, Sextro M, Franklin J, et al. Clinical presentation, course, and prognostic factors in lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s disease and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin’s disease: report from the European Task Force on Lymphoma Project on Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin’s Disease. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:776-83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Nogova L, Reineke T, Eich HT, et al. Extended field radiotherapy, combined modality treatment or involved field radiotherapy for patients with stage IA lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a retrospective analysis from the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). Ann Oncol 2005;16:1683-7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Schlembach PJ, Wilder RB, Jones D, et al. Radiotherapy alone for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer J 2002;8:377-83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wilder RB, Schlembach PJ, Jones D, et al. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte very favorable and favorable, lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin disease. Cancer 2002;94:1731-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Wirth A, Yuen K, Barton M, et al. Long-term outcome after radiotherapy alone for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective multicenter study of the Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group. Cancer 2005;104:1221-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. de Wit M, Bohuslavizki KH, Buchert R, Bumann D, Clausen M, Hossfeld DK. 18FDG-PET following treatment as valid predictor for disease-free survival in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2001;12:29-37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Weihrauch MR, Re D, Scheidhauer K, et al. Thoracic positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for the evaluation of residual mediastinal Hodgkin disease. Blood 2001;98:2930-4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Juweid ME, Stroobants S, Mottaghy FM. Recommendations of the imaging committee of the International Harmonization Project (IHP) for FDG-PET (PET) use in patients with lymphoma. J Nucl Med 2006;47(Suppl 1):452.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Bartlett NL. Modern treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Curr Opin Hematol 2008;15:408-14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Longo DL, Young RC, Wesley M, et al. Twenty years of MOPP therapy for Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 1986;4:1295-306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hasenclever D, Diehl V. A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin’s disease. International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced Hodgkin’s Disease. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1506-14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Diehl V, Franklin J, Tesch H, et al. Dose escalation of BEACOPP chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin’s disease in the HD9 trial of the German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). ASCO 19:2000;Abstract no. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Horning SJ. Risk, cure and complications in advanced hodgkin disease. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2007;2007:197-203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Gallamini A, Rigacci L, Merli F, et al. The predictive value of positron emission tomography scanning performed after two courses of standard therapy on treatment outcome in advanced stage Hodgkin’s disease. Haematologica 2006;91:475-81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Haioun C, Itti E, Rahmouni A, et al. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in aggressive lymphoma: an early prognostic tool for predicting patient outcome. Blood 2005;106:1376-81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Hutchings M, Loft A, Hansen M, et al. FDG-PET after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts treatment failure and progression-free survival in Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2006;107:52-9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Torizuka T, Nakamura F, Kanno T, et al. Early therapy monitoring with FDG-PET in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:22-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hutchings M, Mikhaeel NG, Fields PA, Nunan T, Timothy AR. Prognostic value of interim FDG-PET after two or three cycles of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1160-8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Mikhaeel NG, Hutchings M, Fields PA, O’Doherty MJ, Timothy AR. FDG-PET after two to three cycles of chemotherapy predicts progression-free and overall survival in high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1514-23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Gallamini A, Hutchings M, Rigacci L, et al. Early interim 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography is prognostically superior to international prognostic score in advanced-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a report from a joint Italian-Danish study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3746-52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Gallamini A, Hutchings M, Avigdor A, Polliack A. Early interim PET scan in Hodgkin lymphoma: where do we stand? Leuk Lymphoma 2008;49:659-62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Santoro A. Alternating non-cross-resistant combination chemotherapy or MOPP in stage IV Hodgkin’s disease. A report of 8-year results. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:739-46.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Canellos GP, Anderson JR, Propert KJ, et al. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin’s disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1478-84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Connors JM, Klimo P, Adams G, et al. Treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease with chemotherapy - comparison of MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen with alternating courses of MOPP and ABVD: a report from the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1638-45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Viviani S, Bonadonna G, Santoro A, et al. Alternating versus hybrid MOPP and ABVD combinations in advanced Hodgkin’s disease: ten-year results. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1421-30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Duggan DB, Petroni GR, Johnson JL, et al. Randomized comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease: report of an intergroup trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:607-14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Gobbi PG, Levis A, Chisesi T, et al. ABVD versus modified stanford V versus MOPPEBVCAD with optional and limited radiotherapy in intermediate- and advanced-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma: final results of a multicenter randomized trial by the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9198-207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Johnson PW, Radford JA, Cullen MH, et al. Comparison of ABVD and alternating or hybrid multidrug regimens for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of the United Kingdom Lymphoma Group LY09 Trial (ISRCTN97144519). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:9208-18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Bartlett NL, Rosenberg SA, Hoppe RT, Hancock SL, Horning SJ. Brief chemotherapy, Stanford V, and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advanced-stage Hodgkin’s disease: a preliminary report. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:1080-8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Moskowitz CH, Yahalom J, Straus D, et al. The use of Stanford V overcomes poor prognostic features in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin’s disease. Blood 1998:2579a

    Google Scholar 

  93. Horning SJ, Williams J, Bartlett NL, et al. Assessment of the stanford V regimen and consolidative radiotherapy for bulky and advanced Hodgkin’s disease: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study E1492. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:972-80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, et al. Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2386-95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Diehl V, Sieber M, Ruffer U, et al. BEACOPP: an intensified chemotherapy regimen in advanced Hodgkin’s disease. The German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group. Ann Oncol 1997;8:143-8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfistner B. German Hodgkin Study Group. Ten-year results of a German Hodgkin Study Group randomized trial of standard and increased dose BEACOPP chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HD9). J Clin Oncol 2007;25: Abstract no. LBA8015

    Google Scholar 

  97. Kuppers R, Yahalom J, Josting A. Advances in biology, diagnostics, and treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006;12:66-76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Diehl V, Brillant C, Franklin J, et al. BEACOPP chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin’s disease: results of further analyses of the HD9- and HD12-trials of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). Blood 2004;104(11):307a

    Google Scholar 

  99. Dann EJ, Bar-Shalom R, Tamir A, et al. Risk-adapted BEACOPP regimen can reduce the cumulative dose of chemotherapy for standard and high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma with no impairment of outcome. Blood 2007;109:905-9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Raemaekers J, Kluin-Nelemans H, Teodorovic I, et al. The achievements of the EORTC Lymphoma Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2002;38(Suppl 4):S107-13

    Google Scholar 

  101. Ballova V, Ruffer JU, Haverkamp H, et al. A prospectively randomized trial carried out by the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) for elderly patients with advanced Hodgkin’s disease comparing BEACOPP baseline and COPP-ABVD (study HD9elderly). Ann Oncol 2005;16:124-31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Federico M, Bellei M, Brice P, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation versus conventional therapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma responding to front-line therapy. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2320-5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Proctor SJ, Mackie M, Dawson A, et al. A population-based study of intensive multi-agent chemotherapy with or without autotransplant for the highest risk Hodgkin’s disease patients identified by the Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group (SNLG) prognostic index. A Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group study (SNLG HD III). Eur J Cancer 2002;38:795-806

    Google Scholar 

  104. Schulz H, Rehwald U, Morschhauser F, et al. Rituximab in relapsed lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: long-term results of a phase 2 trial by the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Blood 2008;111:109-11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Horning SJ, Bartlett N, Breslin S, et al. Results of a prospective phase II trial of limited and extended rituximab treatment in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s disease (NLPHD). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), 2007;110: 644.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Nogova L, Rudiger T, Engert A. Biology, clinical course and management of nodular lymphocyte-predominant hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006:266-72

    Google Scholar 

  107. Cheson BD, Pfistner B, Juweid ME, et al. Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:579-86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Cheson BD, Horning SJ, Coiffier B, et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International Working Group. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1244

    Google Scholar 

  109. Buchmann I, Reinhardt M, Elsner K, et al. 2-(fluorine-18)fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the detection and staging of malignant lymphoma. A bicenter trial. Cancer 2001;91:889-99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, et al. Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for posttreatment evaluation in Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging. Blood 1999;94:429-33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Jerusalem G, Warland V, Najjar F, et al. Whole-body 18F-FDG PET for the evaluation of patients with Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Nucl Med Commun 1999;20:13-20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Wirth A, Seymour JF, Hicks RJ, et al. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, gallium-67 scintigraphy, and conventional staging for Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Am J Med 2002;112:262-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Allen-Auerbach M, Quon A, Weber WA, et al. Comparison between 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography hardware fusion for staging of patients with lymphoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2004;6:411-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Hutchings M, Loft A, Hansen M, et al. Position emission tomography with or without computed tomography in the primary staging of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Haematologica 2006;91:482-9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Schaefer NG, Hany TF, Taverna C, et al. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease: coregistered FDG PET and CT at staging and restaging-do we need contrast-enhanced CT? Radiology 2004;232:823-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Diehl V, Mauch PM, Harris NL. Hodgkin’s disease In: Devita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer. Principles and practice of oncology. Sixth ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  117. Horning SJ. Hodgkin’s disease. 2nd ed. London: Martin Dunitz, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Borchmann P, Behringer K, Josting A, et al. Secondary malignancies after successful primary treatment of malignant Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Pathologe 2006;27:47-52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Rueffer U, Josting A, Franklin J, et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma after primary Hodgkin’s disease in the German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group: incidence, treatment, and prognosis. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2026-32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Hansmann ML, Fellbaum C, Hui PK, Lennert K. Morphological and immunohistochemical investigation of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma combined with Hodgkin’s disease. Histopathology 1989;15:35-48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Freudenberg LS, Antoch G, Schutt P, et al. FDG-PET/CT in re-staging of patients with lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:325-9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, et al. Whole-body positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose compared to standard procedures for staging patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Haematologica 2001;86:266-73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Naumann R, Beuthien-Baumann B, Reiss A, et al. Substantial impact of FDG PET imaging on the therapy decision in patients with early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2004;90:620-5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Jerusalem G, Beguin Y, Fassotte MF, et al. Early detection of relapse by whole-body positron emission tomography in the follow-up of patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Oncol 2003;14:123-30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Longo DL, Duffey PL, Young RC, et al. Conventional-dose salvage combination chemotherapy in patients relapsing with Hodgkin’s disease after combination chemotherapy: the low probability for cure. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:210-8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Tarella C, Cuttica A, Vitolo U, et al. High-dose sequential chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell autografting in patients with refractory and/or recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicenter study of the intergruppo Italiano Linfomi showing prolonged disease free survival in patients treated at first recurrence. Cancer 2003;97:2748-59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Josting A, Rueffer U, Franklin J, Sieber M, Diehl V, Engert A. Prognostic factors and treatment outcome in primary progressive Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 2000;96:1280-6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Fisher RI, DeVita VT, Hubbard SP, Simon R, Young RC. Prolonged disease-free survival in Hodgkin’s disease with MOPP reinduction after first relapse. Ann Intern Med 1979;90:761-3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Moskowitz CH, Nimer SD, Zelenetz AD, et al. A 2-step comprehensive high-dose chemoradiotherapy second-line program for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin disease: analysis by intent to treat and development of a prognostic model. Blood 2001;97:616-23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Josting A, Franklin J, May M, et al. New prognostic score based on treatment outcome of patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma registered in the database of the German Hodgkin’s lymphoma study group. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:221-30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Roach M 3rd, Brophy N, Cox R, Varghese A, Hoppe RT. Prognostic factors for patients relapsing after radiotherapy for early-stage Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:623-9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Ferme C, Cosset JM, Fervers B, et al. Hodgkins disease. Br J Cancer 2001;84(Suppl 2):55-60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Brada M, Eeles R, Ashley S, Nichols J, Horwich A. Salvage radiotherapy in recurrent Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Oncol 1992;3:131-5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Pezner RD, Nademanee A, Forman SJ. High-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin’s disease patients with relapses potentially treatable by radical radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;33:189-94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Josting A, Nogova L, Franklin J, et al. Salvage radiotherapy in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a retrospective analysis from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1522-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Jabbour E, Hosing C, Ayers G, et al. Pretransplant positive positron emission tomography/gallium scans predict poor outcome in patients with recurrent/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2007;109:2481-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Schot BW, Zijlstra JM, Sluiter WJ, et al. Early FDG-PET assessment in combination with clinical risk scores determines prognosis in recurring lymphoma. Blood 2007;109:486-91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Bierman PJ, Bagin RG, Jagannath S, et al. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic rescue in Hodgkin’s disease: long-term follow-up in 128 patients. Ann Oncol 1993;4:767-73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Brice P, Bouabdallah R, Moreau P, et al. Prognostic factors for survival after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with relapsing Hodgkin’s disease: analysis of 280 patients from the French registry. Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997;20:21-6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Jones RJ, Piantadosi S, Mann RB, et al. High-dose cytotoxic therapy and bone marrow transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:527-37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Josting A, Katay I, Rueffer U, et al. Favorable outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s disease treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue at the time of maximal response to conventional salvage therapy (Dex-BEAM). Ann Oncol 1998;9:289-95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Josting A, Reiser M, Rueffer U, Salzberger B, Diehl V, Engert A. Treatment of primary progressive Hodgkin’s and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: is there a chance for cure? J Clin Oncol 2000;18:332-9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Josting A, Rudolph C, Reiser M, et al. Time-intensified dexamethasone/cisplatin/cytarabine: an effective salvage therapy with low toxicity in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Oncol 2002;13:1628-35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Sweetenham JW, Taghipour G, Milligan D, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue for patients with Hodgkin’s disease in first relapse after chemotherapy: results from the EBMT. Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997;20:745-52

    Google Scholar 

  145. Linch DC, Winfield D, Goldstone AH, et al. Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin’s disease: results of a BNLI randomised trial. Lancet 1993;341:1051-4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, et al. Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin’s disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:2065-71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Schmitz N, Haverkamp H, Josting A, et al. Long term follow up in relapsed Hodgkin’s disease (HD): updated results of the HD-R1 study comparing conventional chemotherapy (cCT) to high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) and the Working Party Lymphoma of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:567s.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Brice P. Managing relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2008;141:3-13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Reece DE, Connors JM, Spinelli JJ, et al. Intensive therapy with cyclophosphamide, carmustine, etoposide +/- cisplatin, and autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin’s disease in first relapse after combination chemotherapy. Blood 1994;83:1193-9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Phillips JK, Spearing RL, Davies JM, et al. VIM-D salvage chemotherapy in Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990;27:161-3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Hagemeister FB, Tannir N, McLaughlin P, et al. MIME chemotherapy (methyl-GAG, ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide) as treatment for recurrent Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 1987;5:556-61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Pfreundschuh MG, Rueffer U, Lathan B, et al. Dexa-BEAM in patients with Hodgkin’s disease refractory to multidrug chemotherapy regimens: a trial of the German Hodgkin’s Disease Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:580-6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Pfreundschuh MG, Schoppe WD, Fuchs R, Pfluger KH, Loeffler M, Diehl V. Lomustine, etoposide, vindesine, and dexamethasone (CEVD) in Hodgkin’s lymphoma refractory to cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP) and doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD): a multicenter trial of the German Hodgkin Study Group. Cancer Treat Rep 1987;71:1203-7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Rodriguez J, Rodriguez MA, Fayad L, et al. ASHAP: a regimen for cytoreduction of refractory or recurrent Hodgkin’s disease. Blood 1999;93:3632-6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Bartlett NL, Niedzwiecki D, Johnson JL, et al. Gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (GVD), a salvage regimen in relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma: CALGB 59804. Ann Oncol 2007;18:1071-9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Kuruvilla J, Nagy T, Pintilie M, Tsang R, Keating A, Crump M. Similar response rates and superior early progression-free survival with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin salvage therapy compared with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan salvage therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 2006;106:353-60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Santoro A, Magagnoli M, Spina M, et al. Ifosfamide, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine: a new induction regimen for refractory and relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Haematologica 2007;92:35-41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Bierman PJ, Anderson JR, Freeman MB, et al. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic rescue for Hodgkin’s disease patients following first relapse after chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 1996;7:151-6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Freytes CO, Loberiza FR, Rizzo JD, et al. Myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients who experience relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma: a report of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Blood 2004;104:3797-803.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Peniket AJ, Ruiz de Elvira MC, Taghipour G, et al. An EBMT registry matched study of allogeneic stem cell transplants for lymphoma: allogeneic transplantation is associated with a lower relapse rate but a higher procedure-related mortality rate than autologous transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003;31:667-78

    Google Scholar 

  161. Alvarez I, Sureda A, Caballero MD, et al. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation is an effective therapy for refractory or relapsed hodgkin lymphoma: results of a spanish prospective cooperative protocol. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006;12:172-83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Khouri IF, Keating M, Korbling M, et al. Transplant-lite: induction of graft-versus-malignancy using fludarabine-based nonablative chemotherapy and allogeneic blood progenitor-cell transplantation as treatment for lymphoid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2817-24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Peggs KS, Hunter A, Chopra R, et al. Clinical evidence of a graft-versus-Hodgkin’s-lymphoma effect after reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation. Lancet 2005;365:1934-41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Sureda A, Robinson S, Canals C, et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning compared with conventional allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma: an analysis from the Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:455-62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Baetz T, Belch A, Couban S, et al. Gemcitabine, dexamethasone and cisplatin is an active and non-toxic chemotherapy regimen in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s disease: a phase II study by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Ann Oncol 2003;14:1762-7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Santoro A, Bredenfeld H, Devizzi L, et al. Gemcitabine in the treatment of refractory Hodgkin’s disease: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2615-9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Venkatesh H, Di Bella N, Flynn TP, Vellek MJ, Boehm KA, Asmar L. Results of a phase II multicenter trial of single-agent gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma 2004;5:110-5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Younes A, Fayad L, Pro B, et al. Gemcitabine plus rituximab therapy of patients with relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2005:1498a.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Devizzi L, Santoro A, Bonfante V, et al. Vinorelbine: an active drug for the management of patients with heavily pretreated Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Oncol 1994;5:817-20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Ferme C, Bastion Y, Lepage E, et al. The MINE regimen as intensive salvage chemotherapy for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Oncol 1995;6:543-9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Younes A, Pro B, Fayad L. Experience with bortezomib for the treatment of patients with relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2006;107:1731-2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Boll B, Hansen H, Heuck F, et al. The fully human anti-CD30 antibody 5F11 activates NF-{kappa}B and sensitizes lymphoma cells to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Blood 2005;106:1839-42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Georgakis GV, Li Y, Humphreys R, et al. Activity of selective fully human agonistic antibodies to the TRAIL death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 in primary and cultured lymphoma cells: induction of apoptosis and enhancement of doxorubicin- and bortezomib-induced cell death. Br J Haematol 2005;130:501-10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. O’Connor OA, Heaney ML, Schwartz L, et al. Clinical experience with intravenous and oral formulations of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:166-73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Younes A Fayad M, Pro B, et al. A phase II study of a novel oral isotype-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:441s

    Google Scholar 

  176. Ansell SM, Horwitz SM, Engert A, et al. Phase I/II study of an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (MDX-060) in Hodgkin’s lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2764-9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Bartlett NL, Younes A, Carabasi MH, et al. A phase 1 multidose study of SGN-30 immunotherapy in patients with refractory or recurrent CD30+ hematologic malignancies. Blood 2008;111:1848-54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Francisco JA, Cerveny CG, Meyer DL, et al. cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity. Blood 2003;102:1458-65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Younes A, Forero-Torres A, Bartlett NL, et al. A novel antibody-drug conjugate, SNG-35 (Anti-CD30-Auristatin), induces objective responses in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: preliminary results of a phase I tolerability study. Haematologica 2007:64

    Google Scholar 

  180. Ekstrand BC, Lucas JB, Horwitz SM, et al. Rituximab in lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin disease: results of a phase 2 trial. Blood 2003;101:4285-9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Rehwald U, Schulz H, Reiser M, et al. Treatment of relapsed CD20+ Hodgkin lymphoma with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 2003;101:420-4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Younes A, Romaguera J, Hagemeister F, et al. A pilot study of rituximab in patients with recurrent, classic Hodgkin disease. Cancer 2003;98:310-4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Josting A, Wolf J, Diehl V. Hodgkin disease: prognostic factors and treatment strategies. Curr Opin Oncol 2000;12:403-11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Pallesen G, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Rowe M, et al. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene products in tumour cells of Hodgkin’s disease. Lancet 1991;337:320-2.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Murray PG, Young LS, Rowe M, et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein in paraffin sections of Hodgkin’s disease. J Pathol 1992;166:1-5.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Gianni AM, Rambaldi A, Zinzani P, et al. Comparable 3-year outcome following ABVD or BEACOPP first-line chemotherapy, plus pre-planned high-dose salvage, in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): A randomized trial of the Michelangelo, GITIL and IIL cooperative groups. J Clin Oncol 26: 2008 (suppl; abstr 8506).

    Google Scholar 

  187. Federico M, Luminari S, Iannitto E, et al. ABVD compared with BEACOPP compared with CEC for the initial treatment of patients with advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results from the HD2000 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:805-11.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Magagnoli M, Spina M, Balzarotti M, et al. IGEV regimen and a fixed dose of lenograstim: an effective mobilization regimen in pretreated Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007 ;40:1019-25.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Samer A. Srour

  2. Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA

    Luis E. Fayad

Authors
  1. Samer A. Srour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luis E. Fayad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Holcombe Blvd. 1515 , Houston, 77030, U.S.A.

    Dan Jones

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Srour, S.A., Fayad, L.E. (2010). Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma. In: Jones, D. (eds) Neoplastic Hematopathology. Contemporary Hematology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-384-8_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-384-8_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-383-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-384-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation