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Seizure Propensity and Brain Development: A Lesson from Animal Models

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Mammalian Brain Development

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

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Abstract

Both clinical and animal studies suggest that seizure susceptibility is the highest during development. Data in immature rats using different seizure models show that ictal activity spreads faster in developing brain compared to adults. This may be related to immaturity of endogenous seizure controlling systems, multifocal seizure origin, or to a short refractory period following a seizure event in developing brain. Animal studies of cortical malformations as well as genetic models offer important clues for factors underlying neuronal hyperexcitability in the terrain of compromised brain.

Animal models also show that long-term seizure consequences have age-specific features. Seizure-induced changes in neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, plasticity-related functional changes in neuronal networks, induction of neuromodulatory molecules such as inflammatory mediators, neurotrophins, neuropeptides are among the possible mechanisms, which define the immediate and long-term response of the developing brain to seizures. Further elucidation of these aspects and their role in ictogenesis and epileptogenesis using clinically relevant experimental models in developing rats is instrumental for the future translation of these findings into clinical practice.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by grants from Fondazione Monzino (A.V.), EPICURE LSH-CT-2006-037315 (A.V.), Negri Weizmann Programme (A.V.), NIH/NINDS NS056093 (J.V.), and INSERM U666 (A.N.).

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  1. Department Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy

    Annamaria Vezzani

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  1. Jana Velíšková
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  2. Annamaria Vezzani
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  3. Astrid Nehlig
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Correspondence to Annamaria Vezzani .

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    Velíšková, J., Vezzani, A., Nehlig, A. (2009). Seizure Propensity and Brain Development: A Lesson from Animal Models. In: Janigro, D. (eds) Mammalian Brain Development. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-287-2_5

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