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Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Androgens and Estrogens

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Management of Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

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Abstract

Androgens are responsible for the growth of the normal prostate gland and play an essential role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Accordingly, androgen deprivation provides a favorable initial clinical response for the majority of patients with advanced prostate cancers. However, tumors invariably recur as a lethal phenotype known as castrate-resistant disease. The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear transcription factor, which binds androgens in the cell cytoplasm, translocates to the nucleus, and assembles as a protein complex that regulates target gene expression. As such, the AR has been a prime target for androgen deprivation therapies. Interestingly, however, the AR maintains a critical role in the survival of castrate-resistant tumors, likely through a variety of mechanisms including receptor overexpression, mutation, splice variation, alternative ligand activation, coactivator modification, as well as the intratumoral production of androgens. Meanwhile, the impact of estrogens and the estrogen receptor in prostate cancer development and treatment continues to be defined. Here, we review current concepts regarding the role of the sex-steroid hormone axis in prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Stephen A. Boorjian

  2. Department of Urology Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Donald J. Tindall

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  1. Stephen A. Boorjian
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Correspondence to Donald J. Tindall .

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  1. , Glickman Urological and Kidney, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Eric A. Klein

  2. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medic, Department of Regional Urology, at Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    J. Stephen Jones

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Boorjian, S.A., Tindall, D.J. (2012). Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Androgens and Estrogens. In: Klein, E., Jones, J. (eds) Management of Prostate Cancer. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-259-9_7

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