Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Current Issues in Pathologic Evaluation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Management of Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

  • 1444 Accesses

Abstract

The pathologic diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) is the keystone on which its further management is based. Sources of diagnostic material are prostate needle biopsies, transurethral resection of prostate tissue, prostatectomy specimens, as well as biopsies from extra-prostatic sites (more often lymph nodes and bone).

Once a diagnosis of PCA is made, the pathologist provides information that determines prognosis and therapy. In this chapter, the practical aspects of pathological assessing and reporting of prostate cancer in different surgical specimens are addressed, with a special emphasis on areas of current consensus on Gleason grading and staging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Iczkowski KA, Casella G, Seppala RJ, et al. Needle core length in sextant biopsy influences prostate cancer detection rate. Urology. 2002;59(5):698–703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Egevad L, Allsbrook Jr WC, Epstein JI. Current practice of diagnosis and reporting of prostate cancer on needle biopsy among genitourinary pathologists. Hum Pathol. 2006;37(3):292–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Epstein JI. Diagnosis and reporting of limited adenocarcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(3):307–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Srigley JR. Key issues in handling and reporting radical prostatectomy specimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130(3):303–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Srigley JR, Humphrey PA, Amin MB, et al.; for Members of the Cancer Committee CoAP. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the prostate gland. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009;133(10):1568–76.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Epstein JI. An update of the Gleason grading system. J Urol. 2010;183(2):433–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Epstein JI, Allsbrook Jr WC, Amin MB, et al. The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(9): 1228–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Grignon DJ. Unusual subtypes of prostate cancer. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(3):316–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Helpap B, Egevad L. The significance of modified Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma in biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens. Virchows Arch. 2006;449(6):622–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cupp MR, Bostwick DG, Myers RP, et al. The volume of prostate cancer in the biopsy specimen cannot reliably predict the quantity of cancer in the radical prostatectomy specimen on an individual basis. J Urol. 1995;153(5):1543–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Epstein JI, Walsh PC, Carmichael M, et al. Pathologic and clinical findings to predict tumor extent of nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer. JAMA. 1994;271(5): 368–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee MC, Dong F, Stephenson AJ, et al. The Epstein criteria predict for organ-confined but not insignificant disease and a high likelihood of cure at radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2010;58(1):90–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Harnden P, Shelley MD, Clements H, et al. The prognostic significance of perineural invasion in prostatic cancer biopsies: a systematic review. Cancer. 2007;109(1):13–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Tarjan M. Prognostic significance of focal neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer: cases with autopsy-verified cause of death. Indian J Urol. 2010;26(1):41–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Epstein JI, Herawi M. Prostate needle biopsies containing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical foci suspicious for carcinoma: implications for patient care. J Urol. 2006;175(3 Pt 1):820–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhou M, Magi-Galluzzi C. Clinicopathological features of prostate cancers detected after an initial diagnosis of ‘atypical glands suspicious for cancer’. Pathology. 2010;42(4):334–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bostwick DG, Brawer MK. Prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia and early invasion in prostate cancer. Cancer. 1987;59(4):788–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Epstein JI, Amin M, Boccon-Gibod L, et al. Prognostic factors and reporting of prostate carcinoma in radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 2005;216:34–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Egevad L, Srigley JR, Delahunt B, et al. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens: rationale and organization. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(1):48–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Samaratunga H, Montironi R, True L, et al. International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP) consensus conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens. Working group 1: specimen handling. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(1):6–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. van der Kwast T, Amin MB, Billis A, et al. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens. Working group 2: T2 substaging and prostate cancer volume. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(1): 16–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Magi-Galluzzi C, Evans A, Delahunt B, et al. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens. Working group 3: extraprostatic extension, lymphovascular invasion and locally advanced disease. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(1):26–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Comptom CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A. Prostate. In: AJCC cancer staging. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 525–38.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Berney D, Wheeler T, Grignon D, et al. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens. Working group 4: seminal vesicles and lymph nodes. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(1): 39–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tan PH, Cheng L, Srigley JR, et al. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP): consensus conference on handling and staging of radical ­prostatectomy specimens. Working group 5: surgical margins. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(1):48–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Vance W, Tucker SL, de Crevoisier R, et al. The predictive value of 2-year posttreatment biopsy after prostate cancer radiotherapy for eventual biochemical outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;67(3): 828–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Magi-Galluzzi C, Sanderson H, Epstein JI. Atypia in nonneoplastic prostate glands after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: duration of atypia and relation to type of radiotherapy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(2): 206–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cheng L, Cheville JC, Pisansky TM, et al. Prevalence and distribution of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in salvage radical prostatectomy specimens after radiation therapy. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23(7): 803–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Crook JM, Malone S, Perry G, et al. Twenty-four-month postradiation prostate biopsies are strongly predictive of 7-year disease-free survival: results from a Canadian randomized trial. Cancer. 2009;115(3): 673–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tetu B, Srigley JR, Boivin JC, et al. Effect of combination endocrine therapy (LHRH agonist and flutamide) on normal prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma. A histopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15(2):111–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, L25, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Sara M. Falzarano, Howard S. Levin & Cristina Magi-Galluzzi

Authors
  1. Sara M. Falzarano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Howard S. Levin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristina Magi-Galluzzi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Glickman Urological and Kidney, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Eric A. Klein

  2. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medic, Department of Regional Urology, at Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    J. Stephen Jones

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Falzarano, S.M., Levin, H.S., Magi-Galluzzi, C. (2012). Current Issues in Pathologic Evaluation. In: Klein, E., Jones, J. (eds) Management of Prostate Cancer. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-259-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-259-9_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-258-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-259-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation