Tumors of Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament

Abstract

Endometrial polyp is the most frequent tumor-like condition, involving usually the first segment of the fallopian tube and resulting in infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Salpingitis, either acute or chronic, can cause tubal enlargement and pelvic symptoms. Long-term chronic salpingitis may result in cystic alterations and tubo-ovarian adhesion. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa is a bilateral nodular lesion mostly involving the isthmus. The lesion consists of diverticuli of the tubal mucosa associated with smooth muscle hypertrophy (Fig. 9.1). Adenomatoid tumor is the most common benign tumor of the fallopian tube. Rare benign tumors of the fallopian tube or broad ligament resemble their counterparts of ovarian primaries, including various cystadenomas and borderline tumors (serous, mucinous, and mixed). Endometriosis frequently involves the serosa of the fallopian tube and/or broad ligament. An abnormal extension of the endometrium into the mucosa of the fallopian tube (mucosal endometriosis) may lead to infertility or tubal pregnancy. Endocervical mucinous metaplasia may be associated with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Metaplastic papillary “tumor” is an incidental mucinous papillary lesion associated with a pregnancy. Ectopic adrenal rest is a relatively common finding in the broad ligament. Leiomyoma may involve the broad ligament and occasionally the fallopian tube.