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Glucose-Induced Cellular Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy

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Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes

Part of the book series: Ophthalmology Research ((OPHRES))

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Abstract

Diabetes leads to vascular abnormalities in a number of target organs. Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction may be the key initiating and perpetuating step in the development of these diabetic complications. Subsequent to such vascular dysfunction, however, various target organs respond differently by enhanced or impaired neovascularization. In the retina, dysfunction and loss of endothelial cells result in edema, unregulated angiogenesis, hemorrhages, and blindness. Clinical trials have consistently shown that intensive glycemic control prevents and delays the onset and progression of diabetic vascular complications including retinopathy. Much of what we have learned about the mechanisms by which high levels of glucose cause vascular disruption has come from animal models of chronic diabetes and cultured vascular cells. These two model systems have shown that high glucose levels initiate a complex signaling cascade in the endothelial cells leading to the structural and functional changes reminiscent of diabetic retinopathy. In this chapter, we have summarized the current understanding of these signaling mechanisms leading to endothelial cell dysfunction and loss.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge grant supports from the Canadian Diabetes Association (SC; ZAK), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (SC), and Lawson Health Research Institute (ZAK). ZAK is a recipient of the New Investigator Award from the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada.

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  1. Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Zia A. Khan & Subrata Chakrabarti

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  1. Zia A. Khan
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Correspondence to Subrata Chakrabarti .

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  1. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Dept. Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, University Drive 500, Hershey, 17033, Pennsylvania, USA

    Joyce Tombran-Tink

  2. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Dept. Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, University Drive 500, Hershey, 17033, Pennsylvania, USA

    Colin J. Barnstable

  3. Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Wall Street 1000, Ann Arbor, 17033-2390, Michigan, USA

    Thomas W. Gardner

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Khan, Z.A., Chakrabarti, S. (2012). Glucose-Induced Cellular Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Tombran-Tink, J., Barnstable, C., Gardner, T. (eds) Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes. Ophthalmology Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-150-9_13

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