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Diagnostic Value I: Solid Tumors

  • Chapter
Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

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Abstract

Telomerase, a critical enzyme responsible for continuous cell growth, is usually repressed in somatic cells except for lymphocytes and self-renewal progenitor cells but is activated in approximately 80% of human cancers and sarcoma tissues. Among the two essential components of human telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and human telomerase RNA (hTR), TERT is a catalytic component and hTR component is a template for telomerase-mediated telomere elongation. In the past decade, many studies have been undertaken to examine telomerase activity and TERT expression in various human cancers and related lesions. In malignant tumors in which telomerase activation occurs at the early stages of the disease, telomerase activity and TERT expression are useful markers for the detection of cancer cells. In tumors in which telomerase is upregulated in the precancerous lesions, they become useful indicators for the screening of high-risk groups. In other cancers in which telomerase becomes upregulated upon tumor progression, they are useful as prognostic indicators.

However, careful attention should be paid to false-negative results caused by the instability of telomerase or TERT mRNA and the presence of PCR inhibitors as well as to false-positive results caused by the presence of alternatively spliced TERT mRNA and normal cells with telomerase activity. Recently, methods for the in situ detection of the TERT expression have been developed. These methods would facilitate the unequivocal detection of cancer cells, even in tissues containing a background of normal telomerase-positive cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

    Eiso Hiyama

  2. Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

    Keiko Hiyama

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  1. Eiso Hiyama
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  2. Keiko Hiyama
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  1. Dept. Translational Cancer Research, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima, Minami-Ku, 734-8551, Japan

    Keiko Hiyama

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Hiyama, E., Hiyama, K. (2009). Diagnostic Value I: Solid Tumors. In: Hiyama, K. (eds) Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-879-9_8

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