Abstarct
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by the pathogenetic importance of ovarian hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance and by the variable presence of four key features: (1) chronic anovulation; (2) hyperandrogenism; (3) abdominal obesity; and (4) polycystic ovaries [1].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Carmina E, Lobo RA (1999) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): arguably the most common endocrinopathy is associated with significant morbidity in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:1897–1899
Stein IF, Leventhal ML (1935) Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 29:181–191
Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81:19–25
Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, Janssen OE, Legro RS, Norman RJ, Taylor AE, Witchel SF (2006) Position statement: criteria for defining Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic Âsyndrome: an androgen excess society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4237–4245
Carmina E, Azziz R (2006) Diagnosis, phenotype and prevalence of polycystic ovary Âsyndrome. Fertil Steril 86(suppl 1):87–89
Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R et al (2004) The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:2745–2749
Carmina E, Rosato F, Jannì A, Rizzo M, Longo RA (2006) Relative prevalence of different androgen excess disorders in 950 women referred because of clinical hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2–6
Chang WY, Knochenhauer ES, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R (2005) Phenotypic spectrum of polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and biochemical characterization of the three major clinical subgroups. Fertil Steril 83:1717–1723
Carmina E, Longo RA, Rini GB, Lobo RA (2005) Phenotypic variation in hyperandrogenic women influences the finding of abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular risk parameters. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2545–2549
Welt CK, Gudmundsson JA, Arsson G, Adams J, Palsdottir H, Gudlaugsdottir G, Ingadottir G, Crowley WF (2006) Characterizing discrete subsets of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as defined by the Rotterdam criteria: the impact of weight on phenotype and metabolic features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4842–4848
Dewailly D, Catteau-Jonard S, Reyss AC, Leroy M, Pigny P (2006) Oligoanovulation with polycystic ovaries but not overt hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:3922–3927
Guastella E, Longo RA, Carmina E (2010) Clinical and endocrine characteristics of main PCOS phenotypes. Fertil Steril Epub March 10
Huber-Buckholz MM, Carey DG, Norman RJ (1999) Restoration of reproductive potential by lifestyle modification in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: role of insulin sensitivity and luteinizing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:1470–1474
Carmina E, Legro R, Stamets K, Lowell J, Lobo RA (2003) Differences in body weight between American and Italian women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of the diet. Hum Reprod 11:2289–2293
Di Fede G, Mansueto P, Longo RA, Rini G, Carmina E (2009) Influence of sociocultural Âfactors on the ovulatory status of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 91:1853–1856
Goldzieher JW, Axelrod LR (1963) Clinical and biochemical features of polycystic ovary disease. Fertil Steril 14:631–653
Balen A, Conway GS, Kaltsas G et al (1995) Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Hum Reprod 10:2107–2111
Lobo RA, Carmina E (1997) Polycystic ovary syndrome. In: Lobo RA, Mishell DR Jr, Paulson RJ, Shoupe D (eds) Infertility, contraception and reproductive endocrinology. Blackwell, Malden, pp 362–383
Carmina E, Bucchieri S, Esposito A, Del Puente A, Mansueto P, Di Fede G, Rini GB (2007) Abdominal fat quantity and distribution in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and extent of its relation to insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2500–2505
Carmina E, Bucchieri S, Mansueto P, Rini G, Ferin M, Lobo RA (2009) Circulating levels of adipose products and differences in fat distribution in the ovulatory and anovulatory phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 91:1332–1335
Van Hoof MH, Voorhorst FJ, Kaptein MB, Hirasing RA, Koppenaal C, Schoemaker J (2004) Predictive value of menstrual cycle patter, body mass index, hormone levels and polycystic ovaries for oligo-amenorrhea at age 18 years. Hum Reprod 19:383–392
Wiksten-Almstromer M, Hirschberg AL, Hagenfeldt K (2007) Prospective follow-up of menstrual disorders in adolescence and prognostic features. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 87:1162–1168
Sultan C, Paris F (2006) Clinical expression of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. Fertil Steril 86(Suppl 1):S6
Chen J, Yang D, Li L, Chen X (2008) The role of ovarian volume as a diagnostic criterion for Chinese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 21:347–350
Chang JR, Coffler MS (2007) Polycystic ovary syndrome: early detection in the adolescent. Clin Obstet Gynecol 50:178–187
Thessaloniki ESHRE/ASRM Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2008) Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 23:462–477
Palomba S, Pasquali R, Orio F Jr, Nestler JE (2009) Clomiphene citrate, metformin or both as first step approach in treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary Âsyndrome (PCOS): a systematic review of head-to-head randomized controlled studies and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 70:311–321
Begum MR, Ferdous J, Begum A, Qadir E (2009) Comparison of the efficacy of aromatase inhibitor and clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril 92:853–857
Martyn KA, Chang RJ, Ehrmann DA, Ibanez L, Lobo RA, Rosenfield RL, Shapiro J, Montori V, Swiglo BA (2008) Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1105–1120
Carmina E (2001) A risk-benefit assessment of pharmacological therapies for hirsutism. Drug Saf 24:267–276
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Humana Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Carmina, E. (2010). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. In: Santoro, N., Neal-Perry, G. (eds) Amenorrhea. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-864-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-864-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-863-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-864-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)