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Drug Management of Prostate Cancer pp 109–121Cite as

Pharmacogenetics of the Androgen Metabolic Pathway

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Abstract

Androgens are steroid hormones responsible for the development, growth, and maintenance of masculine characteristics, including the prostate. It has been known for decades that they are very important in the development and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). The most common treatment for CaP is based on androgen deprivation therapy. There are preventive strategies that seem to act on the same pathway, such as finasteride, dutasteride, selenium, and vitamin E. Various genes in androgen synthesis and metabolism have been studied in relation to the predisposition and progression of CaP, such as several members of the steroid 5α-reductase (SRD5A), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B) families, androgen receptor (AR), cytochrome P450 17 (CYP17), and cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1). However, most of them have not been biochemically evaluated, or the studies are contradictory. For example, the expression reports about CYP19A1 indicate positive and negative results for both benign and carcinogen prostate. There is a need for extensive research in response to prostate carcinoma prevention as well as treatment. Studies have shown that other genes, such as the solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B3 (SLCO1B3), and gene fusions may be involved in CaP personalized medicine, but the results are inconclusive since the number of reports is small, and there is a lack of replication in larger samples. Pharmacogenetics is the key to future medicine, especially for cancer and personalized medicine. More investigations should be done to evaluate the role of these genes in prostate cancer biochemistry, prevention, progression, development, and treatment.

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Acknowledgment

JKVR is a Medical Foundation Fellow at the University of Sydney. The work in his laboratory is also supported in part by NCI grant P01 CA108964 (project 1 to JKVR).

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  1. Plunkett Chair of Molecular Biology (Medicine), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Juergen K. V. Reichardt

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  1. Francine Zanchetta Coelho Marques
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Correspondence to Juergen K. V. Reichardt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology Branch, NIH National Cancer Institute, Rockville Pike 9000, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    William D. Figg

  2. Medical Oncology Branch, NIH National Cancer Institute, Rockville Pike 9000, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    Cindy H. Chau

  3. School of Medicine, Dept. Urology, University of California, San Francisco, Divisadero Street 1600, San Francisco, 94115, California, USA

    Eric J. Small

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Marques, F.Z.C., Reichardt, J.K.V. (2010). Pharmacogenetics of the Androgen Metabolic Pathway. In: Figg, W., Chau, C., Small, E. (eds) Drug Management of Prostate Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-829-4_10

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