Abstract
The response of the brain to hypoxic challenge identifies brain stem regions that participate in the physiological adaptation process and are also the most sensitive to hypoxic/ischemic stress. Adaptation to prolonged mild hypoxia includes increased ventilation through carotid body and nucleus tractus solitarius pathways, which are sensitive to arterial pO2. The neurons of the rostral ventral lateral medulla (RVLM) drive cerebrovasodilator circuits in response to arterial oxygen content. Cerebral cortical capillary density is increased in response to signals generated by local tissue pO2 deficiency.
Global cerebral ischemia, such as occurs after cardiac arrest and resuscitation, is accompanied by an increased delayed mortality due to cardiorespiratory failure. The same brain stem nuclei, such as the nucleus paragigantocellularis, that are involved in physiological adaptation to hypoxia appear to be the very same neuro-nal populations that exhibit postreperfusion programmed cell death.
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© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
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LaManna, J.C., Pichiule, P., Xu, K., Chávez, J.C. (2009). Brainstem Sensitivity to Hypoxia and Ischemia. In: Haddad, G.G., Yu, S.P. (eds) Brain Hypoxia and Ischemia. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-579-8_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-579-8_10
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