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Dietary Supplements and Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Research and Recommendations

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Preventive Nutrition

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Millions of Americans use dietary supplements (1,2). Data from national nutrition surveys suggest that approximately 52% of all American adults use dietary supplements (1,3) with substantially higher use among certain population subgroups such as cancer survivors (4–7). One reason for the high prevalence of use is the 1994 passage of Public Law 103–417, the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) (8). This legislation discontinued the premarket safety evaluations for ingredients used in supplements, placed the burden of proof of product safety on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) instead of the manufacturers and permitted limited nutrition support statements without prior approval from the FDA (8). These regulations resulted in an exponential increase in the number and variety of dietary supplements available for over-the-counter purchase, including those that consumers believe may prevent chronic diseases such as cancer (9–11).

Key Points

• Over one-half of all Americans use dietary supplements. Thousands of supplements of multiple combinations of vitamins, minerals, and herbs are available for purchase, but the most commonly used supplements are multivitamins (both with and without minerals) and single supplements of vitamin C, vitamin E, and calcium (with or without vitamin D).

• Dietary supplements can provide a large proportion of total micronutrient intake for many consumers.

Individuals who smoke should not use β-carotene supplements, as they have been shown to increase lung cancer risk among smokers.

• Vitamin C supplements may reduce the risk of cancers of the GI tract and the bladder.

• Calcium may reduce colon cancer risk.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M4B402, 98109-1024, Seattle, WA, USA

    Marian L. Neuhouser PHD, RD

  2. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093-0901, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Cheryl L. Rock PHD, RD

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  1. New Products Research, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Littleton Road 1500 , Parsippany, 07054, U.S.A.

    Adrianne Bendich

  2. Inst. Human Nutrition, Columbia University, West 168th St. 630 , New York, 10032, U.S.A.

    Richard J. Deckelbaum

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Neuhouser, M.L., Rock, C.L. (2010). Dietary Supplements and Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Research and Recommendations. In: Bendich, A., Deckelbaum, R. (eds) Preventive Nutrition. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-542-2_9

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