Abstract
The H69CIS200 and H69OX400 cell lines are novel models of low-level platinum drug resistance developed from H69 human small-cell lung cancer cells with eight 4-day treatments of 200 ng/ml cisplatin and 400 ng/ml oxaliplatin, respectively. A recovery period was given between treatments to emulate the cycles of chemotherapy given in the clinic. The resistant cell lines were approximately twofold resistant to cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and were cross-resistant to both drugs. Platinum resistance was not associated with increased cellular glutathione, decreased accumulation of platinum or increased DNA repair capacity. The H69 platinum sensitive cells entered a lengthy 3-week growth arrest in response to low-level cisplatin or oxaliplatin treatment. This is an example of the coordinated response between the cell cycle and DNA repair. In contrast, the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 cells have an alteration in the cell cycle allowing them to rapidly proliferate post drug treatment. The resistant cell lines also have many chromosomal rearrangements most of which are not associated with the resistant phenotype, suggesting an increase in the genomic instability in the resistant cell lines. We hypothesized that there was a lack of coordination between the cell cycle and DNA repair in the resistant cell lines allowing proliferation in the presence of DNA damage which has created an increase in genomic instability. The H69 cells and resistant cell lines have mutant p53 and consequently decrease the expression of p21 in response to platinum drug treatment; promoting progression of the cell cycle instead of increasing p21 to maintain the arrest. A decrease in ERCC1 protein expression and an increase in RAD51B foci activity were observed with the platinum-induced cell-cycle arrest and did not correlate with resistance or altered DNA repair capacity. These changes may, in part, be mediating and maintaining the cell-cycle arrest in place of p21.The rapidly proliferating resistant cells have restored the levels of both these proteins to their levels in untreated cells. We use the term “regrowth resistance” to describe this low-level platinum resistance where cells survive treatment through increased proliferation. Regrowth resistance may play a role in the onset of clinical resistance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Stordal BK, Davey MW, Davey RA. Oxaliplatin induces drug resistance more rapidly than cisplatin in H69 small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006;58:256–65
Stordal B, Peters G, Davey R. Similar chromosomal changes in cisplatin and oxaliplatin-resistant sublines of the H69 SCLC cell line are not associated with platinum resistance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006;45:1094–105.
Stordal B, Davey R. ERCC1 expression and RAD51B activity correlate with cell cycle response to platinum drug treatment not DNA repair. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol DOI: 10.1007/300280-008-0783X.
Altaha R, Liang X, Yu JJ, Reed E. Excision repair cross complementing-group 1: gene expression and platinum resistance. Int J Mol Med 2004;14:959–70.
Yu JJ, Mu C, Dabholkar M, Guo Y, Bostick-Bruton F, Reed E. Alternative splicing of ERCC1 and cisplatin-DNA adduct repair in human tumor cell lines. Int J Mol Med 1998;1:617–20.
Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Unsal-Kacmaz K, Linn S. Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints. Annu Rev Biochem 2004;73:39–85.
Havre PA, Rice M, Ramos R, Kmiec EB. HsRec2/Rad51L1, a protein influencing cell cycle progression, has protein kinase activity. Exp Cell Res 2000;254:33–44.
Raderschall E, Bazarov A, Cao J, et al. Formation of higher-order nuclear Rad51 structures is functionally linked to p21 expression and protection from DNA damage-induced apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2002;115(Pt 1):153–64.
Nunez F, Chipchase MD, Clarke AR, Melton DW. Nucleotide excision repair gene (ERCC1) deficiency causes G2 arrest in hepatocytes and a reduction in liver binucleation: the role of p53 and p21. FASEB J 2000;14:1073–82.
Weeda G, Donker I, de Wit J, et al. Disruption of mouse ERCC1 results in a novel repair syndrome with growth failure, nuclear abnormalities and senescence. Curr Biol 1997;7:427–39.
Havre PA, Rice MC, Noe M, Kmiec EB. The human REC2/RAD51B gene acts as a DNA damage sensor by inducing G1 delay and hypersensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation. Cancer Res 1998;58:4733–9.
Sargent RG, Meservy JL, Perkins BD, et al. Role of the nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 in formation of recombination-dependent rearrangements in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2000;28:3771–8.
Richardson C, Stark JM, Ommundsen M, Jasin M. Rad51 overexpression promotes alternative double-strand break repair pathways and genome instability. Oncogene 2004;23:546–53.
Harrison JC, Haber JE. Surviving the breakup: the DNA damage checkpoint. Annu Rev Genet 2006; 40:209–235.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stordal, B., Davey, R. (2009). Regrowth Resistance: Low-Level Platinum Resistance Mediated by Rapid Recovery from Platinum-Induced Cell-Cycle Arrest. In: Bonetti, A., Leone, R., Muggia, F.M., Howell, S.B. (eds) Platinum and Other Heavy Metal Compounds in Cancer Chemotherapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-459-3_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-459-3_21
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-458-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-459-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)