Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Pathophysiology and Metabolic Impact of Hyperglycemia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Practice ((CCP))

  • 3309 Accesses

Abstract

Accelerated vascular injury and inflammation are intimately associated with the devastating complications of type-2 diabetes. This process is initiated and perpetuated by the pathophysiological consequences of the hyperglycemic state. The vascular devastation of hyperglycemia can occur by several mechanisms, impacting the vessel wall, monocyte derived macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells.s

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Davi G, Ciabattoni G, Consoli A, Mazzetti A, Falco A. In vivo formation of prostaglandin F2 and platelet activation in diabetes mellitus. Circulation 1999;99:224–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Overview of six years of therapy of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1995;44: 1249–1258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005;54: 1615–1625.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977–986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fonseca V, Rosenstock J, et al. Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2000;283:1695–1702.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hanefeld M, Fischer S, Julius U. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the diabetes Intervention Study, 11 year follow up. Diabetologia 1996;39:1577–1583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. O’Keefe JH, Miles JM, et al. Improving the adverse cardiovascular prognosis of type 2 diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74:171–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. The European diabetes Epidemiology group (DECODE). Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality: comparison of fasting and 2-hour diagnostic criteria. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:397–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nathan DM, Meigs J, et al. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1997;350(Suppl 1):S14–S19.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Panaram G. Mortaliaty and survival in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1987;30:123–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Renders CM, Valk GD, Franse LV, et al. Long term effectiveness of a quality improvement program for patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1365–1370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Donahue RP, Abbott RD, Reed DM, Yano K. Postchallenge glucose concentration and coronary heart disease in men of Japanese ancestry. Honlulu Heart Program. Diabetes 1987;36(2):689–692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. JAMA 1979;241:2035–2038.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Geiss LS, Herman WH, Smith PJ. The Pacific and Indian Ocean trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16:434–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tominaga M, Eguchi H, Manaka H, IgarashiK, Kato T, Sekikawa A. Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but not impaired fasting glucose. The funagata diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1999;22:920–924.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Balkau B, Shipley M, Jarrett RJ. High blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for mortality in middle aged nondiabetic men. The Whitehall study. Diabetes Care 1998;21:360–367.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Barrett-Connor E, Ferrara A. Isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia and the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in older women and men. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Diabetes Care 1998;21:1236–1239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Turner RC, et al. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 1999;281:2005–2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. de Veciana M, Major C, Morgan M, Asrat T, Toohey J, Lien J. Postprandial versus preprandial glucose monitoring in women with gestation diabetes mellitus requiring insulin. N Engl J Med 1995;333(9): 1237–1241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Holmboe ES. Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: clinical applications. JAMA 2002;287:373–376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Donahue RP, Abbott RD, Reed DM, Yano K. Postchallenge glucose concentration and coronary heart disease in men of Japanese ancestry. Honolulu Heart Program. Diabetes 1987;36:689–692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nathan DM, Buse MB, Davidson JB. Medical management of hyperglycaemia in type-2 diabetes; a consensus algorithm. Diabetologia 2009;52(1):17–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;28:103–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Monnier L. Contributions of postprandial glucose and fasting plasma glucose to A1C. Diabetes Care 2003;26:881–885.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

SupplementAry Readings

  • Bailey CJ. Biguanides and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1992;15:755–772.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cefalu WT, et al. Inhaled human insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 2001;134: 203–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Hunt JA. The efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The STOP_NIDDM trial. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:928–935.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiasson JL, Josse RG, et al. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The STOP-NIDDM randomized trial. Lancet 2002;359:2072–2077.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeFronzo R, et al. Efficacy of metformin in patients with NIDDM. N Engl J Med 1995;333:541–549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998;352:854–862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groop L. Sulfonyureas in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1992;15:737–754.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrigan RA, et al. Oral Agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pharmacology, toxicity and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 2001;38(1):68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horton ES, Clinkingbead C, et al. Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1660–1665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inzucchi SF, Maggs DG, et al. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1998;338:867–872.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenhard MJ, Reeves GD. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions: a comprehensive review of insulin pump therapy. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(19):2293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loh KC, Leow MK. Current therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2003;31:722–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathan DM. Roussell A, et al. Glyburide or insulin for metabolic control in noninsulin dependent mellitus: a randomized, double blind study. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:334–340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saudek CD, et al, Implantable insulin pump vs. multiple dose insulin for noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1996;276:1322–1327.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha R, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose intolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 2002;346:802–810.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stratton IM, Adler AI, et al. Association of glycemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:405–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner RC. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: progressive requirement for multiple therapies. JAMA 1999;281:2005–2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UKPDS. Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998;352(9131):854–865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania Health System Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Ronald A. Codario MD, FACP (Clinical Instructor in Medicine)

Authors
  1. Ronald A. Codario MD, FACP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Diplomate American Board of Internal Medicine

Diplomate American Board of Clinical Lipidology

Diplomate American Board of Vascular Medicine

Clinical Hypertension Specialist (American Society of Hypertension Certified)

Vascular Ultrasound (American Registry of Diagnostic Sonography Certified)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Codario, R.A. (2011). The Pathophysiology and Metabolic Impact of Hyperglycemia. In: Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Current Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-441-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-441-8_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-440-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-441-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation