Research on innate immunity has provided understanding and practical direction for the observation first made more than 70 years ago that most immunogens would require adjuvants to induce robust adaptive immune responses (1–4). With the knowledge that adjuvants target antigen-presenting cells, especially dendritic cells, by triggering activation through Toll-like receptors and other pattern-recognition receptors, molecular libraries are being screened for their ability to upregulate costimulatory molecules and antigen presentation mediated by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Based on those principles, a growing list of adjuvant candidates now promises to provide improved vaccine immunogenicity and reduced nonspecific reactivity while taking advantage of the ability of the innate immune system to channel adaptive immunity toward the type of antibody or cellular responses most appropriate for the control of a particular pathogen (5).
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Georgiev, V.S. (2009). Immune Adjuvants. In: Georgiev, V.S. (eds) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH. Infectious Disease. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-297-1_39
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