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Toxins of Vibrio cholerae and Their Role in Inflammation, Pathogenesis, and Immunomodulation

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Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

Abstract

Disease manifestations in cholera are primarily attributed to the secretion of cholera toxin (CT). However, the discovery of additional secretory virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae has invoked interest in their potential role related to pathogenesis, inflammation, and immune modulation in its disease attributes. Cholera was earlier thought to be a non-inflammatory diarrhea, but several reports provide evidence for an inflammatory response in cholera disease. These findings have come from studies with Vibrio cholerae strains devoid of CT gene ctx but induced inflammatory response. Studies have shown that while the CT essentially elicits an anti-inflammatory cytokine response, the accessory CTs have been associated with development of a proinflammatory cytokine response in gut. It is postulated that the increase in the inflammatory response to the V. cholerae (Δctx) infection could be due to the absence of the immunomodulatory activity of the B subunit of CT that blocks the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. Further studies are needed to understand the potential role of each of these toxins in the inflammation and immunomodulation in cholera disease.

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  1. Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansarinagar, New Delhi, India

    Kamini Walia & Nirmal Kumar Ganguly

  2. DBT Cell for UNESCO Regional Center for Biotechnology and Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India

    Nirmal Kumar Ganguly

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  1. Kamini Walia
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Correspondence to Nirmal Kumar Ganguly .

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  1. National Institute of Cholera and Enteri, P-33 C.I.T. Road Scheme XM, Calcutta, 700010, India

    T. Ramamurthy

  2. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India

    S.K. Bhattacharya

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Walia, K., Ganguly, N.K. (2011). Toxins of Vibrio cholerae and Their Role in Inflammation, Pathogenesis, and Immunomodulation. In: Ramamurthy, T., Bhattacharya, S. (eds) Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera. Infectious Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-265-0_15

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