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Breastfeeding and Diabetes

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Diabetes in Women

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

As diabetes becomes more prevalent in younger women, diabetes and maternal-child health issues such as breastfeeding coexist with increasing frequency in clinical practice. Women with diabetes of any kind including type 1 diabetes (DM1), type 2 diabetes (DM2) or gestational diabetes (GDM) should be strongly encouraged to breastfeed because of the maternal and pediatric benefits specific to obesity and diabetes that are above and beyond other known benefits of breastfeeding. Many of the benefits of breastfeeding are dose-dependent. Current infant nutrition recommendations for mother-infant dyads include 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months. In this chapter, we explore in detail the many relationships between breastfeeding and diabetes in a variety of clinical contexts.

Women with diabetes are less likely to breastfeed than women without diabetes, likely due to higher rates of pregnancy-related and neonatal complications among women with diabetes. Medical complications pose significant challenges to breastfeeding, both the inherent clinical issues and the associated hospital protocols. Lactating mothers have increased energy needs that are similar in women with and without diabetes. Breastfeeding may improve postpartum glucose metabolism among women without diabetes and those with GDM but does not appear to reduce the substantial risk of future development of DM2 among women with GDM. Breastfeeding lowers a child’s risk of pediatric obesity, DM1 and DM2, regardless of a mother’s diabetic status. Some studies have also demonstrated lower rates of obesity and diabetes among the breastfed children of women with diabetes. To date, differences in milk composition of women with diabetes do not preclude them from breastfeeding their infants. Many medications are safe for use among lactating women with diabetes and are not a contraindication to breastfeeding. Contraception for breastfeeding women requires special consideration.

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  1. Dept. of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, USA

    Julie Scott Taylor

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  2. Melissa Nothnagle
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Medicine, University Ioannina, Ioannina, 455 10, Greece

    Agathocles Tsatsoulis

  2. Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, E. Medical Center Dr. 1500, Ann Arbor, 48109-0354, U.S.A.

    Jennifer Wyckoff

  3. Dept. Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Place 1, Boston, 02215, U.S.A.

    Florence M. Brown

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Taylor, J.S., Nothnagle, M., Magee, S.R. (2009). Breastfeeding and Diabetes. In: Tsatsoulis, A., Wyckoff, J., Brown, F. (eds) Diabetes in Women. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-250-6_22

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