Renal Stones

Abstract

Although stone disease is generally considered to be relatively rare in West Europe and North America, urinary stone disease in children is seen more frequently in some particular areas of the world as Turkey, Pakistan, and Middle East and South Asian, African, and South American countries. Because there is a high recurrence rate in children, metabolic evaluation and relevant medical treatment in necessary cases are important. With the advances in technology, interventional stone treatment mostly shifted from open surgical approach to less invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and endoscopic techniques.