Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in the Pediatric Population

Abstract

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), defined as the functionally significant impairment of urinary transport from the renal pelvis to the proximal ureter, is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in newborns and young children. Left untreated, this condition may cause progressive dilation of the renal collecting system, with deterioration of renal function and loss of renal unit. UPJO has a diverse presentation, as it may be a primary congenital abnormality diagnosed prenatally, or secondarily acquired, and not apparent until late adolescence or adulthood. This chapter will focus on primary UPJO with review of the current methods of diagnosis and treatment options, as well as the authors’ approach to managing this condition.