Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients has increased significantly over the last decade. Candidemia has been identified as the fourth most common nosocomial bloodstream infection in the United States. Geographically, endemic mycoses continue to be a source of morbidity and mortality. With a number of treatment options and increasing incidence of resistance, clinicians must understand the unique aspects of each pathogen and the strengths of each medication in order to choose the appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK et al. (1999). Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: A three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 29:239–244
Forrest GN, Mankes K, Jabra-Rizk MA et al. (2006). Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization-based identification of Candida albicans and its impact on mortality and antifungal therapy costs. J Clin Microbiol 44:3381–3383
Ryan KJ, Ray CG (eds) (2004). Sherris medical microbiology: An introduction to infectious diseases, 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill
Beck-Sagué CM, Jarvis WR (1993). Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980–1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. J Infect Dis 167:1247–1251
Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN et al.; SENTRY Participants Group (2002). Trends in antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from pediatric and adult patients with bloodstream infections: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997 to 2000. J Clin Microbiol 40:852–856
Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV et al. (1999). International surveillance of blood stream infections due to Candida species in the European SENTRY program: Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility including the investigational triazole and echinocandin agents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 35:19–25
Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Brueggemann AB et al. (2002). Epidemiology of candidemia: Three-year results from the emerging infections and the epidemiology of lowa organisms study. J Clin Microbiol 40:1298–1302
Ristow KL, Schreckenberger PC, Danziger LH (2002). Epidemiology of Candida bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. In: Program and abstracts of Focus on Fungal Infections 12, Phoenix, AZ, March 20–22, 2002. Alpharetta, GA: Imedex® 7 abstract
Eilard T (1987). Isolation of fungi in blood cultures. A review of fungal infections in the western part of Sweden 1970–1982. Scand J Infect Dis 19:145–156
Lin SJ, Schranz J, Teutsch SM (2001). Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: Systematic review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 32:358–366
Laine L, Dretler RH, Conteas CN et al. (1992). Fluconazole compared with ketoconazole for the treatment of Candida esophagitis in AIDS: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 117:655–660
Louie L, Ng S, Hajjeh R et al. (1999). Influence of host genetics on the severity of coccidioidomycosis. Emerg Infect Dis 5:672–680
Chapman SW, Bradsher RW, Campbell GD (2000). Practice guidelines for the management of patients with blastomycosis. Clin Infect Dis 30:679–683
MacDougall L, Kidd SE, Galanis E et al. (2007). Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 13:42–50
Pascual AA, Bolay S, Marchietti O (2006). Documentation of low voriconazole blood levels followed by dose adjustment in patients with invasive fungal infections not responding to therapy (abstract M-1304). Program and abstracts of the 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 27–30, 2006. San Francisco, California
Khoo SH, Bond J, Denning DW (1994). Administering amphotericin B – a practical approach. J Antimicrob Chemother 33:203–213
Ellis ME, Al-Hokail AA, Clink HM et al. (1992). Double-blind randomized study of the effect of infusion rates on toxicity of amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:172–179
Wingard JR, Kubilis P, Lee L et al. (1999). Clinical significance of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with amphotericin B for suspected or proven aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1402–1407
Rex JH, Rinaldi MG, Pfaller MA (1995). Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39:1–8
Nguyen MH, Peacock JE, Jr., Morris AJ et al. (1996). The changing face of candidemia: Emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance. Am J Med 100: 617–623
Cordonnier C, Bresnik M, Ebrahimi R (2007). Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®) efficacy in confirmed invasive aspergillosis and other filamentous fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts: A pooled analysis. Mycoses 50:205–209
Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF et al. (2002). Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 347:408–415
Marr KA (2008). Primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Clinical implications of recent studies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21:409–414
Cornely OA, Maertens J, Winston DJ et al. (2007). Posaconazole vs. fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia. N Engl J Med 356:348–359
Walsh TJ, Raad I, Patterson TF et al. (2007). Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with posaconazole in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional therapy: An externally controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 44:2–12
Maertens J, Raad I, Petrikkos G et al. (2004). Efficacy and safety of caspofungin for treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients refractory to or intolerant of conventional antifungal therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39:1563–1571
Marr KA, Boeckh M, Carter RA et al. (2004). Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 39:797–802
Stevens DA, Rendon A, Gaona-Flores V et al. (2007). Posaconazole therapy for chronic refractory coccidioidomycosis. Chest 132:952–958
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Siddiqui, J. (2010). Invasive Fungal Infections. In: Mainous III, A., Pomeroy, C. (eds) Management of Antimicrobials in Infectious Diseases. Infectious Disease. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-239-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-239-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-238-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-239-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)