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Heavy Metal Transport and Detoxification by Crustacean Epithelial Lysosomes

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Abstract

Lysosomes are multi-functional organelles that aid in the disassembly of large organic molecules and store a variety of xenobiotics. Lysosomes, and vacuolar components of the endo-membrane system, play apparently ubiquitous sequestration and detoxification roles for heavy metals in cells of many organisms. X-ray microprobe analysis of metal-containing granules (concretions) in these organelles from many animal phyla suggest that monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal cations can be stored in these compartments in conjunction with anionic elements such as phosphorus and sulfur. There is also evidence that thiol-containing compounds such as glutathione and metallothionein, which bind metals in the cytoplasm with high affinity, may also be translocated across lysosomal membranes for metal storage. Few studies have examined the nature of the sequestration and detoxification processes for heavy metals displayed by invertebrate lysosomes or other endo-membrane components. This review summarizes recent investigations focused on lysosomal function in crustacean hepatopancreatic absorptive epithelia. It describes the carrier-mediated transport processes that occur on lysosomal membranes for accumulating metals from the cytoplasm and how these metal transporters are linked with the uptake of multivalent anions that may precipitate concretions within the organelle at appropriate ion concentrations and pH conditions. In addition, preliminary data describing the potential role of the Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) in transporting glutathione with its associated metal load from cytoplasm to lysosomal interior are described. A model summarizing proposed coupling between cationic metal and polyvalent anion transports and how they might be linked with concretion formation and metal detoxification is presented.

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Acknowledgments

Work reported herein from the author’s laboratory was supported by National Science Foundation grant number IBN04-21986.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 32224, Jacksonville, Florida, USA

    Gregory A. Ahearn

  2. Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Kenneth M. Sterling, Prabir K. Mandal Ph.D & Barbara Roggenbeck

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  1. Gregory A. Ahearn
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  2. Kenneth M. Sterling
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  3. Prabir K. Mandal Ph.D
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  4. Barbara Roggenbeck
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Correspondence to Gregory A. Ahearn .

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  1. College of Medicine, University of Florida, SW. Archer Road 1600, Gainesville, 32610-0274, U.S.A.

    George A. Gerencser

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© 2010 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Ahearn, G.A., Sterling, K.M., Mandal, P.K., Roggenbeck, B. (2010). Heavy Metal Transport and Detoxification by Crustacean Epithelial Lysosomes. In: Gerencser, G. (eds) Epithelial Transport Physiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-229-2_3

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